Pathophysiology final EXAM
1. Which of the following is part of the pathophysiology of emphysema that can
lead to the appearance of a barrel chart?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Bacterial infection in the lungs
C. Air trapping in the alveoli
D. Muscle atrophy of the diaphragm
2. The primary problem with anemia, regardless of the cause, is ____ the goal in
treating anemia is to_____
A. Occult bleeding reduces the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
B. Tissue hypoxia; restore tissue oxygenation.
C. Tissue hyperoxia; have the patient take slow deep breaths.
D. Oxygen saturation more than 100%reduce oxygen toxicity.
3. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of the following?
A. Magnesium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
A. Simultaneous stroke and heart attack
B. Simultaneous clotting and bleeding
C. Simultaneous clotting and insulin release
D. Simultaneous bleeding and vomiting
,5. Which of the following steps happens first during hemostasis?
A. Vascular spasm
B. Platelet’s dissolve
C. Coagulation
D. Dissolving of the clot
6. Which of the following clinical finding would be present in clients experiencing
shock (select all that apply)?
A. Altered level of consciousness.
B. Hypotension
C. Increased mental clarity.
D. Tachycardia
E. Hypertension
7. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
(MS)?
A. Demyelination of the neurons in the central system
B. Decreased production of dopamine in the central nervous system
C. Clotting and bleeding disorders
D. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells
8. Which of the following is a component of the etiology of edema?
A. Decreased plasma proteins
B. Hypotension
C. Dehydration
, D. Polyuria
9. Sing and symptoms of myocardial infarction include which of the following?
A. Persistent chest pain which may radiate to the arm, neck, or jaw.
B. Brief sternal chest pain on inspiration
C. Rapid respiration with left-sided weakness and numbness
D. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain which radiates to the back and shoulder.
10. Which of the following can lead to impaired neurological function in clients
with increased intracranial pressure? (select all that apply)
A. Compression of the brain
B. Inflammation of the brain tissue
C. Decrease perfusion of the brain tissue.
D. The ability of the tissues
11. Increased calcium levels in the blood could be due to an imbalance of which of
the following hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Calcitonin
D. Melatonin
12. Which hyperglycemic disorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in
patients with type 1 diabetes?
A. Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
B. Hyperglycemic lipid syndrome
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
1. Which of the following is part of the pathophysiology of emphysema that can
lead to the appearance of a barrel chart?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Bacterial infection in the lungs
C. Air trapping in the alveoli
D. Muscle atrophy of the diaphragm
2. The primary problem with anemia, regardless of the cause, is ____ the goal in
treating anemia is to_____
A. Occult bleeding reduces the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
B. Tissue hypoxia; restore tissue oxygenation.
C. Tissue hyperoxia; have the patient take slow deep breaths.
D. Oxygen saturation more than 100%reduce oxygen toxicity.
3. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of the following?
A. Magnesium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
A. Simultaneous stroke and heart attack
B. Simultaneous clotting and bleeding
C. Simultaneous clotting and insulin release
D. Simultaneous bleeding and vomiting
,5. Which of the following steps happens first during hemostasis?
A. Vascular spasm
B. Platelet’s dissolve
C. Coagulation
D. Dissolving of the clot
6. Which of the following clinical finding would be present in clients experiencing
shock (select all that apply)?
A. Altered level of consciousness.
B. Hypotension
C. Increased mental clarity.
D. Tachycardia
E. Hypertension
7. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
(MS)?
A. Demyelination of the neurons in the central system
B. Decreased production of dopamine in the central nervous system
C. Clotting and bleeding disorders
D. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells
8. Which of the following is a component of the etiology of edema?
A. Decreased plasma proteins
B. Hypotension
C. Dehydration
, D. Polyuria
9. Sing and symptoms of myocardial infarction include which of the following?
A. Persistent chest pain which may radiate to the arm, neck, or jaw.
B. Brief sternal chest pain on inspiration
C. Rapid respiration with left-sided weakness and numbness
D. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain which radiates to the back and shoulder.
10. Which of the following can lead to impaired neurological function in clients
with increased intracranial pressure? (select all that apply)
A. Compression of the brain
B. Inflammation of the brain tissue
C. Decrease perfusion of the brain tissue.
D. The ability of the tissues
11. Increased calcium levels in the blood could be due to an imbalance of which of
the following hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Calcitonin
D. Melatonin
12. Which hyperglycemic disorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in
patients with type 1 diabetes?
A. Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
B. Hyperglycemic lipid syndrome
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
