ATI Med-Surg Proctored Exam Review study guide; ATI Med Surg Proctored Exam Practice Questions and answers CORRECT!!

ATI Med-Surg Proctored Exam Review study guide; ATI Med Surg Proctored Exam Practice Questions and answers CORRECT!! Respiratory Alkalosis S/S - lethargy lightheadedness confusion tachycardia dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia nausea vomiting epigastric pain numbness and tingling of the extremities hyperventilation (tachypnea) A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for an older adult client who is at risk for Osteoporosis. Which intervention should the nurse include to prevent bone loss? - Encourage weight bearing exercises (such as walking because it can help maintain bone mass by reducing bone demineralization, thus helping to prevent osteoporosis.) A nurse is caring for a client who has meningococal pneumonia. Which of the following personal protective equipment should the nurse use? - Mask (this disease requires droplet precautions) A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is taking insulin Glargine. What information should the nurse include in the teaching? - This type of insulin should be given at the same time everyday. (It is released over a 24hr period) A home health nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about preventing complications of peripheral vascular disease. What statement by the client indicates that they are adhering to the nurse's instructions? - "I don't cross my legs anymore". A nurse is caring for a client who has a methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a surgical wound. What information should the nurse plan to share with visitors? - Visitors must don a gown & gloves prior to entering the client's room. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. What should the client report to the provider? - Onset of nausea A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has hearing loss. What action should the nurse take when communicating with the client? - Rephrase client instructions when not understood. A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day post operative following a hip arthroplasty. The client is exhibiting hypotension, tachycardia, & tacky-nearly. The nurse should recognize these findings as what complication? - Pulmonary Embolism A nurse is monitoring a client who recently had a cast placed on the right lower extremity for a bone fracture. What finding should the nurse recognize as abnormal? - Lack of sensation between the first and second toes A nurse reinforcing teaching with a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is to begin taking methylprednisolone orally. What should the nurse include in the teaching? - Limit contact with large groups of people A nurse is caring for a client who is 24hr postoperative following abdominal surgery & has an NG tube. What action should the nurse plan to take to decrease the risk of postoperative complications? - Encourage the client to use an incentive spirometer every hour while awake A nurse is collecting data from a client who has chronic kidney disease with hyperkalemia. What finding should the nurse expect related to hyperkalemia? - Bradycardia A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who has manifestations of sepsis. What provider prescriptions should the nurse implement first? - Initiate oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula A nurse is caring for a client who has terminal pancreatic cancer. The client states, "I don't think I can go on any longer." What response should the nurse make? - "Tell me more about the way you are feeling." A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypokalemia. What finding should the nurse identify as the priority? - Dysrhythmia A nurse is caring for a client who is in Buck's traction. What intervention should the nurse perform to reduce skin breakdown? - Keep the skin dry and free of perspiration A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and is on contract isolation precautions. What action should the nurse take? - Have a designated stethoscope in the client's room A nurse enters the room of a client whose transfusion of packed RBCs was initiated 15 min ago by the RN. The client reports dyspnea and urticaria. What action should the nurse perform first? - Stop the infusion A nurse is preparing to auscultate the bowel sounds of a client who has a mechanical bowel obstruction in the descending colon. When listening in the left upper quadrant, the nurse should identify this sound as what? - Hyperactive bowel sounds A nurse is preparing to administer furosemide to a client who has heart failure. What should the nurse report before administering the medication? - Decreased potassium A nurse is reinforcing teaching about joint protection with a client who has an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What information should the nurse include in the teaching? - Apply cold packs to the joints A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hypothyroidism. What manifestation should the nurse expect? - Bradycardia A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has osteoporosis. What instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? - Take the calcium supplements with meals A nurse is reviewing the medical record for an older adult client who is experiencing nausea & vomiting. Based on the client data, what action should the nurse take? (Na 142 mEq, K+ 4.2 mEq/L, BUN 36 mg/dL, Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL) - Notify the charge nurse of the client's BUN level A nurse is admitting a client who is suspected having active tuberculosis (TB). What action should should the nurse take first? - Institute airborne precautions A nurse is monitoring a client who has a wrist cast and reports intense itching underneath the cast. What action should the nurse take? - Blow cool air into the cast using a blow dryer on a cool setting A nurse is planning care for a group of clients after receiving change-of-shift report. What client should the nurse see first? - A client who is dehydrated, has mental confusion, & was found getting out of bed several times during the night. A nurse is caring for a client who reports shortness of breath and has an oxygen saturation of 90%. What action should the nurse take? - Administer oxygen via nasal cannula A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25mg PO daily. While taking the client's apical pulse, the nurse notes a rate of 58/ min. What action should the nurse take? - Withhold the dose A nurse is caring for a client who has an intestinal obstruction & reports a new onset of nausea. The client has an NG tube set at low intermittent suction & is receiving continuous IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. What action should the nurse take first? - Check for kinks in the NG tube A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is postoperative following a cemented total hip arthroplasty. What instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? - Maintain hip flex ion to 90 or less when sitting A nurse is caringATI Med Surg Proctored Exam Practice Questions and answers A nurse is caring for a client who experienced a traumatic head injury and has an intraventricular catheter (Ventriculostomy) for ICP monitoring. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications related to the ventriculostomy?: a. Headache b. Infection c. Aphasia d. Hypertension - b. Infection Monitor for infection and use strict asepsis to avoid life-threatening meningitis. A nurse is providing education to a client who is to undergo an EEG the next day. Which of the following info should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "Do not wash your hair the morning of the procedure." b. "Try and stay awake most of the night prior to the procedure." c. "The procedure will take approximately 15 mins." d. "You will need to lie flat for 4 hours after the procedure." - b. "Try and stay awake most of the night prior to the procedure." Tell the client to remain awake to provide cranial stress and increase the possibility of abnormal electrical activity A nurse is caring for a client who is postprocedural following a lumbar puncture and reports a throbbing headache when sitting upright. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? SATA. a. Use the GCS scale to assess the client b. Assist the client into a supine position c. Administer an opioid analgesic d. Encourage the client to increase PO fluid intake e. Instruct the client to perform coughing and deep breathing - B, D A nurse is caring for a client who has continuous bladder irrigation following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? a Output equal to the instilled irrigate b. Client reports bladder spasms c. Viscous urinary output with clots d. Reports of strong urge to urinate - c. Viscous urinary output with clots Urine that is bright red with clots is an indication of arterial bleeding. A nurse is monitoring the ECG of a client who has hypocalcemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. Flattened T waves b. Prolonged QT intervals c. Shortened QT intervals d Widened QRS complexes - b. Prolonged QT intervals Manifestations of hypocalcemia include tingling, numbness, tetany, seizures, prolonged QT intervals, and laryngospasm. A nurse is preparing a client who has a brain tumor for a CT scan. Which of the following factors affects the manner in which the nurse will prepare the client for the scan? a. No food or fluids consumed for 4 hours b. Difficulty recalling recent events c. Development of hives while eating shrimp d. Paresthesia in both hands - c. Development of hives while eating shrimp Shellfish allergy is contraindication of use of contrast media during a CT scan. A nurse is preparing an in-service program about the stages of acute kidney injury. Which of the following pieces of info should the nurse include about prerenal azotemia? a. Prerenal azotemia begins prior to the onset of symptoms b. Interference with renal perfusion causes renal azotemia c. Prerenal azotemia is irreversible, even in early stages d. Infections and tumors cause prerenal azotemia - b. Interference with renal perfusion causes prerenal azotemia. Prerenal = interference with renal perfusion, such as from heart failure or hypovolemic shock. A nurse is teaching a client who has CAD about the difference between angina pectoris and MI. Which of the following should the nurse identify as indications of MI? SATA. a. N/V b. Diaphoresis and dizziness c. Chest and left arm pain that subsides with rest d. Anxiety and feelings of doom e. Bounding pulse and bradypnea - A, B, D A nurse is reviewing the lab results of a lumbar puncture for a client who has manifestations of bacterial meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. Elevated glucose b. Elevated protein c. Presence of RBCs d. Presence of D-dimer - b. Elevated protein Manifestations of bacterial meningitis include increase protein in the CSF, decreased glucose. RBCs can indicate bleeding, however, WBCs are what indicates bacterial meningitis. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include? A. Use enemas to treat constipation caused by daily medications B. Take a hot bath when muscles ache C. Eat a low-calorie diet D. Set an alarm to ensure medication dosages are taken on time - D. Set an alarm to ensure medication dosages are taken on time The nurse should instruct the client to take medication dosages on time to maintain a therapeutic blood level. Dosages should not be missed or postponed because this can cause an exacerbation of the disease. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Lost vision can improve with eye drops. B. Administer eye drops as needed for vision loss. C. Glasses will be necessary to correct the accompanying presbyopia. D. Driving can be dangerous due to the loss of peripheral vision. E. Laser surgery can help reestablish the flow of aqueous humor. - D. Driving can be dangerous due to the loss of peripheral vision. E. Laser surgery can help reestablish the flow of aqueous humor. A nurse is assessing a client who has a fractured left femur and is in skeletal traction. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Ecchymosis of the thigh B. Serous drainage at the pin site C. Chest petechiae D. Muscle spasms in the left leg - C. Chest petechiae The nurse should identify chest petechiae as an indication of fat embolism syndrome. Clients who have fractures of the long bones such as the femur are at increased risk of fat emboli. Fat emboli typically occur 12 to 48 hours after the injury when fat droplets from the marrow enter into the systemic circulation and are deposited in the lungs. The nurse should immediately notify the provider because the client could progress to acute respiratory failure. A nurse is assessing a client who has Kaposi's sarcoma. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Nonproductive cough, fever, and shortness of breath B. Lesions on the retina that produce blurred vision C. Onset of progressive dementia D. Reddish-purple skin lesions - D. Reddish-purple skin lesions Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with AIDS and manifests as hyperpigmented multicentric lesions that can be firm, flat, raised, or nodular. Following a biopsy, the lesions are treated with radiation and/or chemotherapy. A nurse is completing an assessment for a client who has a history of unstable angina. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Chest pain is relieved soon after resting. B. Nitroglycerin r