NSG 120 Final Exam Questions Correctly Answers| LATEST UPDATE

NSG 120 Final Exam Questions Correctly Answers| LATEST UPDATE Pathogenesis - ANSWER The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process. Onset - ANSWER sudden OR acute- An acute disease indicates a short-term illness that develops quickly with marked signs such as high fever or severe pain—for example, acute appendicitis; onset may be insidious, best described as a gradual progression with only vague or very mild signs. Chronic - ANSWER often a milder condition developing gradually, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but it persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue damage. Often a chronic disease is marked by intermittent acute episodes. Subclinical (stage/phase) - ANSWER in which pathologic changes occur but the patient exhibits no obvious manifestations, perhaps because of the great reserve capacity of some organs. Latent stage - ANSWER "silent" stage, in which no clinical signs are evident, characterizes some diseases. In infectious diseases this stage may be referred to as the incubation period, which is the time between exposure to the microorganism and the onset of signs or symptoms; it may last for a day or so or may be prolonged, perhaps for days or weeks. Disease transmission of an insect bite - ANSWER The injury occurs when the insect either bites or stings the patient. Venom is injected into the tissue, resulting in the body's response to a foreign protein. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/Tick Bite disease transmission - ANSWER The causative agent, Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted by the wood tick and is carried in the feces of infected ticks. It is introduced into the bloodstream of a person during a prolonged tick bite. Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - ANSWER Class triad: headache, fever, maculopapular rash (bumps and petechial rash) high fever Malaria/Mosquito bite disease transmission - ANSWER Malaria is caused by four species of the protozoan genus Plasmodium, which is transmitted from infected human to human by the bite of mosquito vectors or, less commonly, by blood transfusion or IV drug use. Disease transmission of animal/human bites - ANSWER The bite occurs when the offending animal is agitated, frightened, threatened, or angry. Bites can be from domestic animals, such as cats and dogs; farm animals; or wild animals, such as skunks, bats, raccoons, and foxes. Human bites have been recorded. The pattern of the teeth marks is helpful in determining the type of bite, human or animal, and the type of animal that did the biting if not immediately known. Snake bite disease transmission - ANSWER Four kinds of poisonous snakes are known to inhabit the United States: rattlesnakes, copperheads, water moccasins, and coral snakes. Some bites are the work of nonpoisonous snakes, but all snakebites should be treated as poisonous by the first aid provider. Cardinal Signs of Inflammation - ANSWER The cardinal signs of inflammation are redness (rubor or erythema), heat, swelling, and pain; sometimes loss of function Diangostic blood changes that may indicate inflammation? - ANSWER *Leukocytosis (increased WBC) *Differential count of WBC *plasma protein (increased prothrombin and fibrinogen) *CRP (appears with acute inflammation and necrosis) *increased ESR *cell enzymes present (may indicate necrosis) Treatment of inflammation - ANSWER *Drugs - Aspirin, NSAIDS, etc. *RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) *Compression stockings *Moderate exercise