Microbiology Fundamentals A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 3.
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach, 2nd ed. by Cowan Chapter 3 Prokaryotes v. Eukaryotes Correct Answer- -Prokaryotes' DNA is packaged differently - lack of nucleus & histones -Prokaryotes' cell wall is different - peptidoglycan & other unique chemicals -Prokaryotes' internal structure is different - lack of membrane-bound organelles Archaea Correct Answer- - More closely related to the Eukarya than Bacteria. - Often able to exist in extreme environments. - Adapted to growth at very low temperatures (psychrophilic-loving cold temp). ALL bacterial cells possess Correct Answer- Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome Cytoskeleton One or more chromosomes MOST bacterial cells possess Correct Answer- Cell wall Surface coating (glycocalyx) SOME bacterial cells possess Correct Answer- Flagella, pili, and fimbriae Outer membrane Plasmids Endospores Prokaryotic Size & Arrangements Correct Answer- Most exist as unicellular organisms, but sometimes they can act as a group, in colonies, or biofilms On average 1 µm (microns can range from 0.05-2 µm (nanobes) to 750 µm) Pleomorphism Correct Answer- Cells of one species may vary in shape & size due to variations in cell wall structure Prokaryotic Shapes Correct Answer- Coccus Rod Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete Branching elements Sheres (cocci) Correct Answer- Diplococci (2) Streptococci (chain) Tetrad (4) Sarcina (8-64, 30) Staphylococci (random big clusters) Arrangement of cocci resulting from different planes of cell division Correct Answer- Division in one place makes diplococcus then streptococcus Division in two perpendicular planes makes tetrad then sarcina Division in several planes makes irregular clusters Rods (bacilli) Correct Answer- Chain of bacilli Flagellate rods Spore-former
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