FNDH 400 Final

false, Bile is produced in the liver and emulsifies lipids - correct answer T or F: Bicarbonate is produced in the pancreas and emulsifies lipids. False, Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the alpha 1-6 bonds in oligosaccharides thereby decreasing the fermentation of microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence. - correct answer T or F: Beano contains an enzyme that cleaves the beta bonds in fiber thereby increasing the fermentation by the microbiota in the colon decreasing gas production that can lead to flatulence. True - correct answer T or F: Compared to amylopectin, glycogen is more branched, and also has alpha 1-6 bonds at its branch points. These branches allow for quicker access to glucose when it is needed. False, Cis fatty acids have lower melting points than trans fatty acids meaning cis fatty acids are more likely to be liquid at room temperature - correct answer T or F: Cis fatty acids have higher melting points than trans fatty acids, meaning cis fatty acids are more likely to be liquid at room temperature. False, In individuals with PKU, since phenylalanine cannot be converted to tyrosine because of the mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine is conditionally essential in these individuals. - correct answer T or F: In individuals with PKU, since proline cannot be converted to tryptophan because of the mutations in proline hydroxylase, tryptophan is conditionally essential in these individuals. False, Individuals with PKU need to consume a low protein diet and avoid consuming the alternative sweetener aspartame, because it can be broken down to the amino acid phenylalanine - correct answer T or F: Individuals with PKU need to consume a high protein diet and avoid consuming the amino acid advantame, because it can be broken down to the amino acid proline. False, a product that contains inulin and bifidobacterium could be considered synbiotic - correct answer T or F: A product that contains inulin and bufodobacterium could be considered a postbiotic False, Sucralose, is similar to sucrose in structure, with the only differences being that some chlorine molecules replace hydroxyl molecules - correct answer T or F: Saccharine is similar to sucrose in structure , with the only differences being that some chlorine molecules replace hydroxyl molecules. False, since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in about the same amount of fructose being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose. - correct answer T or F: Since high-fructose corn syrup contains free fructose, it will result in more fructose being available for uptake and absorption than sucrose. False, A limiting amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in inadequate amounts in a protein preventing it from being a complete protein - correct answer T or F: An incomplete amino acid is an essential amino acid that is present in inadequate amounts in a protein preventing it from being a complete protein False, Heartburn results from a leaky lower esophageal sphincter, which allows gastric fluid to enter the esophagus - correct answer T or F: Heartburn results from a leaky pyloric sphincter, which allows gastric fluid to enter the duodenum True - correct answer T or F: Kwashiorkor results from inadequate protein, but adequate caloric intake and is characterized by an extended abdomen True - correct answer T or F: Complementary proteins provide the essential amino acids found in inadequate amounts in the other protein, thus complementing one another True - correct answer T or F: Nonfermentable, nonviscous fiber is readily excreted in feces and also increases stool bulk and decreases transit time thus decreasing constipation and colon cancer risk. false, mannitol, is a good option for use in products like chewing gum because it is not readily fermented by bacteria in the mouth, decreasing acid production, and thus reducing cavities. - correct answer T or F: Mannitol is a poor option for use in products like chewing gum because it is readily fermented by bacteria n the mouth, decreasing acid production, and thus reducing cavities. false, fructose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while galactose is seldom found in free nature. - correct answer T or F: Glucose is the sweetest monosaccharide, while fructose is seldom found free in nature. false, Maltose is a simple carbohydrate of glucose-glucose bonded together with a alpha bond. - correct answer T or F: Maltose is a complex carbohydrate of glucose-galactose bonded together with a beta bond. False, eicosonoids produced from the essential omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid elongated fatty acids are less inflammatory that those produced from the essential omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid elongated fatty acids. - correct answer T or F: Eicosanoids produced from the essential omega-3 fatty acid beta-longeleic elongated fatty acids are more inflammatory than those produced from the essential omega-6 fatty acid longic acid elongated fatty acids. salivary amylase- carbohydrates lipase- triglycerides - correct answer Name the macronutrients digestion enzymes that are released in the mouth and what macronutrient they act on. pepsin- protein gastric lipase- triglycerides - correct answer Name the macronutrient digestion enzymes that are released in the stomach and what macronutrient they act on significant increase, nonsignificant increase, significant decrease, significant decrease - correct answer Odds ratio: significant increase/decrease, nonsignificant increase/decrease 1.52 (1.11-1.91) 1.12 (0.92-1.32) 0.77 (0.57-0.97) 0.75 (0.55-0.95) trans fatty acid, They increase LDL while decreasing HDL, which is why they are being limited now. - correct answer Partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of what type of fatty acids? Why are use of these types of fatty acids being limited now? AAS - correct answer looks at just the quality of amino acids PDCAAS - correct answer looks at just the protein digestion, single reference, not truncated DIAAS - correct answer looks at the total use of the protein, is triple referenced, and it truncated -used to prove highest protein quality 2, 5 - correct answer The following hypothetical results are from a study comparing the impact of vegetable intake on cancer risk. Which ones indicate a significant decreased risk? 1. peas p=0.4 2. tomatoes p=0.049 3. lettuce p=0.5 4. carrots p=0.05 5. broccoli p=0.01 6. spinach p=0.1 cohort study, 3 - correct answer a researcher collects information on vegetable intake and other food consumption from a group of individuals that will then be followed over time to determine how it affects the risk of developing cancer. What is this type of study, and where does it rank? clinical trial, 2 - correct answer A researcher assigns individuals to a high-vegetable diet and while other individuals stay on their standard low-vegetable diet, determine the impact on the development of cancer. What is this type of study, and where does it rank? cross-sectional study, 5 - correct answer A researcher examines relationship between vegetable intake and cancer occurrence in different countries around the world. What is this type of study, and where does it rank? case-control study, 4 - correct answer A researcher examines the relationship between individuals with and without cancer and past vegetable intake. What is this type of study, and where does it rank? systematic literature review, 1 - correct answer A researcher reviews all the evidence on vegetables intake and cancer risk and draws conclusions based on the body of evidence. What is this type of study, and where does it rank? carbohydrate-pancreatic amylase, disaccharides- monosaccharides protein- proteases, peptidases- amino acids, small peptides triglycerides-pancreatic lipase- 2-monoglycerides, free fatty acids - correct answer Name the carbohydrate, protein and triglyceride digestion enzymes active in the small intestine, what micronutrient they act on, and what end products are left after their action ready for uptake. false, If a person consumes only triglycerides, and it is in positive energy balance, their adipose will be taking up only fatty acid - correct answer T or F: If a person consumes only triglycerides, and is in positive energy balance, their adipose will be taking up only glucose. False, In