Wound Certification Exam 2024-2025/ Question
And Answers
Quiz :what are 6 risk factor components of Braden Scale for pressure ulcer? -
Answer :sensory perception, moisture, mobility, activity, nutrition, and
shear/friction
Quiz :What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure ulcer
staging? - Answer :NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
Quiz :pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be attributed
by 3 factors? what are they? - Answer :tissue tolerance, duration of pressure,
and intensity of pressure
Quiz :what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers? -
Answer :increase in moisture, friction and shearing
Quiz :how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to
pressure ulcer? - Answer :friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but
with gravity it plays a synergistic effect leading to shearing. When gravity
pushes down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move, primary
effect of shearing occurs at the deeper fascial level.
Quiz :what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers? - Answer :nutritional
debilitation, advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking, elevated body
temperature
Quiz :Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure ulcer? -
Answer :dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange occurs, less
resistance to shearing, changes in sensory perception, loss of dermal thickness,
increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to distribute mechanical load
w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
Quiz :What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU? -
Answer :when pressure is applied to the erythematic area skin becomes white
(blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -indicating blood flow;
however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-indicating impaired
blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
, Quiz :why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down than
lying? - Answer :deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner sitting down
because tissue offloading over boney prominences is higher
Quiz :Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury? - Answer :purple or
maroon localized area of discolored intact skin skinor blood filled blister; may
be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, or boggy; skin may be warmer to cooler
in adjacent tissue. In dark skin, thin blister or eschar over a dark wound bed
may bee seen
Quiz :Describe stage I pressure ulcer? - Answer :Intact skin with
nonblanchable redness of localized area. Will not see blanching in dark skin,
but changes in skin tissue consistency (firm vs boggy when palpated), sensation
(pain), and warmer or cooler temperature may differ from surrounding area
Quiz :Describe stage II pressure ulcer? - Answer :partial-thickness wound
where epidermis and tip of dermis is lost with red-pink wound bed w/out
slough. may also present as intact or open/ruptured serum -filled blister
Quiz :Describe stage III pressure ulcer? - Answer :full-thickness wound where
both epidermis and dermis is lost and subcutaneous tissue may be visible, but
deeper structures such as muscle, bone, and tendon are not exposed; slough
my be present but it doesn't obscure depth and tunneling and undermining
may be present
Quiz :Describe stage IV pressure ulcer? - Answer :full-thickness wound with
exposed bone,tendon, and muscle; slough or eschar may be seen in some parts
of the wound bed. you will often see tunneling and undermining. Osteomyelitis
may be dxed at this stage, since bone is palpable
Quiz :Describe unstageble ulcers? - Answer :full-thickness wound where base
of the ulcer is covered by slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
Quiz :When should eschars not be removed? - Answer :when it's stable with
dry, adherent, and intact w/out erythema on the heel; this serves as the body's
natural cover and should not be removed.
Quiz :Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what 2
factors? - Answer :immersion and envelopement
, Quiz :Define immersion? - Answer :depth of penetration or skining into
surgace allowing pressure to be spread out over surrounding area rather than
directly over boney prominence
Quiz :Define envelopement? - Answer :is the ability of support surface to
conform to irregularities without causing substantial increase in pressure
Quiz :what is bottoming out? - Answer :this occurs when depth of penetration
or sinking is excessive, allowing increased pressure to concentrate over boney
prominences
Quiz :what factors contribute to bottoming out? - Answer :weight,
disproportion of weight and size such as amputation, tendency to keep HOB
>30 degrees, inappropriate support surface settings
Quiz :When should you consider reactive support surface with features and
components such as low air loss, alternating pressure, viscous or air fluids? -
Answer :for patients who cannot effectively position off their wound, have PUs
in multiple turning surfaces, or have PUs that fail to improve despite optimal
comprehensive management
Quiz :When should active support surface be considered? - Answer :when
effective positioning is determined by an MD to be medically contraindicated
Quiz :What is the difference between an active and reactive support surfaces/
- Answer :active support surface is a powered mattress or overlay that
changes it's load- distribution with or without applied load; pressure is
redistributed across the body by inflating and deflating the cells of alternating
zones. conversely a reactive support surface moves or changes load-
distribution properties only in response to applied load, such as the patient's
body.
Quiz :When are active support surfaces appropriate? - Answer :when manual
frequent repositioning is not possible
Quiz :when are reactive support surfaces appropriate? - Answer :for pressure
ulcer prevention
And Answers
Quiz :what are 6 risk factor components of Braden Scale for pressure ulcer? -
Answer :sensory perception, moisture, mobility, activity, nutrition, and
shear/friction
Quiz :What is the name of the organization that developed the pressure ulcer
staging? - Answer :NPUAP (national pressure ulcer advisory panel)
Quiz :pathological effect of excessive pressure on soft tissue can be attributed
by 3 factors? what are they? - Answer :tissue tolerance, duration of pressure,
and intensity of pressure
Quiz :what are the extrinsic factors that impact pressure ulcers? -
Answer :increase in moisture, friction and shearing
Quiz :how does friction play a role in shearing which eventually leads to
pressure ulcer? - Answer :friction alone causes only superfical abrasion, but
with gravity it plays a synergistic effect leading to shearing. When gravity
pushes down on the body and resistance (friction) between the patient and
surface is exerted, shearing occurs. because skin does not freely move, primary
effect of shearing occurs at the deeper fascial level.
Quiz :what are the intrisinc factors of pressur ulcers? - Answer :nutritional
debilitation, advanced age, low BP, stress, smoking, elevated body
temperature
Quiz :Aging skin undergoes what elements affecting risk for pressure ulcer? -
Answer :dermoepidermal junction flattens, less nutrient exchange occurs, less
resistance to shearing, changes in sensory perception, loss of dermal thickness,
increased vascular fragility; ability of soft tisuse to distribute mechanical load
w/out comprosing blood flow is impaired
Quiz :What does nonblanching erythema indicate in the skin r/t PU? -
Answer :when pressure is applied to the erythematic area skin becomes white
(blanched), but once relieved, erythema returns -indicating blood flow;
however in nonblanching erythema, skin does not blanche-indicating impaired
blood flow-suggesting tissue destructon
, Quiz :why does sitting in a chair pose more of a risk in skin break down than
lying? - Answer :deep tissue injury or PU is likely to occur sooner sitting down
because tissue offloading over boney prominences is higher
Quiz :Describe what you will see in deep tissue injury? - Answer :purple or
maroon localized area of discolored intact skin skinor blood filled blister; may
be preceded by painful, firm, mushy, or boggy; skin may be warmer to cooler
in adjacent tissue. In dark skin, thin blister or eschar over a dark wound bed
may bee seen
Quiz :Describe stage I pressure ulcer? - Answer :Intact skin with
nonblanchable redness of localized area. Will not see blanching in dark skin,
but changes in skin tissue consistency (firm vs boggy when palpated), sensation
(pain), and warmer or cooler temperature may differ from surrounding area
Quiz :Describe stage II pressure ulcer? - Answer :partial-thickness wound
where epidermis and tip of dermis is lost with red-pink wound bed w/out
slough. may also present as intact or open/ruptured serum -filled blister
Quiz :Describe stage III pressure ulcer? - Answer :full-thickness wound where
both epidermis and dermis is lost and subcutaneous tissue may be visible, but
deeper structures such as muscle, bone, and tendon are not exposed; slough
my be present but it doesn't obscure depth and tunneling and undermining
may be present
Quiz :Describe stage IV pressure ulcer? - Answer :full-thickness wound with
exposed bone,tendon, and muscle; slough or eschar may be seen in some parts
of the wound bed. you will often see tunneling and undermining. Osteomyelitis
may be dxed at this stage, since bone is palpable
Quiz :Describe unstageble ulcers? - Answer :full-thickness wound where base
of the ulcer is covered by slough and/or eschar, obscuring depth
Quiz :When should eschars not be removed? - Answer :when it's stable with
dry, adherent, and intact w/out erythema on the heel; this serves as the body's
natural cover and should not be removed.
Quiz :Therapeutic function of pressure distribution is accomplised by what 2
factors? - Answer :immersion and envelopement
, Quiz :Define immersion? - Answer :depth of penetration or skining into
surgace allowing pressure to be spread out over surrounding area rather than
directly over boney prominence
Quiz :Define envelopement? - Answer :is the ability of support surface to
conform to irregularities without causing substantial increase in pressure
Quiz :what is bottoming out? - Answer :this occurs when depth of penetration
or sinking is excessive, allowing increased pressure to concentrate over boney
prominences
Quiz :what factors contribute to bottoming out? - Answer :weight,
disproportion of weight and size such as amputation, tendency to keep HOB
>30 degrees, inappropriate support surface settings
Quiz :When should you consider reactive support surface with features and
components such as low air loss, alternating pressure, viscous or air fluids? -
Answer :for patients who cannot effectively position off their wound, have PUs
in multiple turning surfaces, or have PUs that fail to improve despite optimal
comprehensive management
Quiz :When should active support surface be considered? - Answer :when
effective positioning is determined by an MD to be medically contraindicated
Quiz :What is the difference between an active and reactive support surfaces/
- Answer :active support surface is a powered mattress or overlay that
changes it's load- distribution with or without applied load; pressure is
redistributed across the body by inflating and deflating the cells of alternating
zones. conversely a reactive support surface moves or changes load-
distribution properties only in response to applied load, such as the patient's
body.
Quiz :When are active support surfaces appropriate? - Answer :when manual
frequent repositioning is not possible
Quiz :when are reactive support surfaces appropriate? - Answer :for pressure
ulcer prevention
