MDC 2 FINAL EXAM review study guide graded A+

MDC 2 FINAL EXAM review study guide graded A+ OA prevention of fecal impaction: - --Consume high-fiber foods (raw fruit/vegetables/whole grain), --drink adequate amounts of fluid (water), --do not routinely administer laxatives, --exercise regularly, --use natural foods to stimulate peristalsis (warm juice/prune juice), --take bulk-forming products, --monitor output and frequency, --implement toilet/commode rather than bedpan. =Mechanical obstruction includes adhesions, --Crohn's disease --tumors. =Non-mechanical obstructions tend to be paralytic ileus. Colostomy care - --Normal appearance of stoma, =S&S of complications, measurement of stoma, choice/use/care/application of appropriate appliance to cover stoma, measures to protect skin, dietary measures to control gas and odor, and resumption of normal activities. Stoma Care: - strict attention to skin care/peristomal skin assessment, monitor type and frequency of effluent, be attentive to client's psychosocial needs (attend to odor control and address client participation in ostomy care), and client teaching for home care (wound ostomy continence nurse) What are hemorrhoids? - Hemorrhoids are unnaturally swollen or distended veins in anorectal regions. Can be internal or external. Internal means it can not be visibly seen on the peritoneum. External means it CAN be seen on the peritoneum below the anal sphincter. hemorrhoid prevention - PREVENTION of constipation is ESSENTIAL, so increase fiber and fluid intake and exercising. No straining and maintain a healthy weight! hemorrhoid care - Care: Local treatment and NUTRITION~ cold pack on anorectal region, Tepid sitz bath ¾ times per day, topical anesthetics (lidocaine), dibucaine ointment, cleanse the area with moist cleansing tissues, avoid sitting for long periods and remove symptomatic hemorrhoids. Nursing Care for Anorectal Abscesses: - Maintain comfort and peritoneal hygiene! Encourage the use of warm sitz bath, analgesics, bulk-forming agents and stool softeners. Anal Fissure Care: - Warm sitz baths, analgesics, bulk-forming, stool softeners, topical anti-inflammatory agents (hydrocortisone), externally applied nitroglycerin (Rectiv) to promote blodd supply to fissure and increase healing, and BP meds such as nifedipine (Procardia) or diltiazem (cardizem) to help relax the anal sphincter. GI bleed interventions - C