JMU NUTR 280 Exam 1 | Questions with 100% correct Answers | Verified

wellness - a multidimensional, life-long process that includes physical, emotional, and spiritual health nutrients - contribute energy and structure to the body and regulates body processes nutrient density - a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to its calorie content fortification - the addition of nutrients to food (e.g. adding Vitamin D to milk) dietary supplements - products sold to supplement the diet (provide nutrients but do not offer all the benefits that whole foods do); governed by food laws phytochemicals - a substance found in plant foods that is not an essential nutrient zoochemicals - a substance from animal foods with health promoting properties functional foods - contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contributions macronutrients - needed in large quantities (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water) micronutrients - needed in small quantities (vitamins and minerals) function of nutrients: - energy, structure, regulation Calorie - unit of measure of amount of energy in food (Calorie = Kilocalorie = 1000 calories)inorganic nutrients - do not contain carbon (e.g. minerals and water) organic nutrients - contain carbon; "alive" (e.g. vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) energy yielding nutrients: - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins malnutrition - excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or an imbalance of nutrients primary malnutrition - no intake of eternal nutrient (e.g. Scurvy - lack of Vitamin C) secondary malnutrition - nutrients are consumed but not usable by the body for some reason (e.g. Celiac disease - gluten intolerance) undernutrition - deficiency of calories or one or more of the essential nutrients overnutrition - excess of calories or nutrients nutrigenetics - DNA and genes play a major role in determining the individual's risk of developing certain health conditions nutrigenomics - focussed more on the individual's diet and how that affect metabolism and DNA what determines food choices? - -interpersonal -intrapersonal -environment -health -culture/ traditionportion size - amount of food we actually eat serving size - recommended portion size