Administration of Justice

Administration of Justice **The four major goals or objectives of the criminal justice system - 1. Deter 2. Rehabilitate 3. Incapacitate 4. Punish List the five sectors or sub systems of the Criminal Justice System as discussed in class and match the type of organization - 1. Law Enforcement Bureaucratic 2. Prosecution Organic 3. Courts Organic 4. Probation Bureaucratic 5. Prisons Bureaucratic The elements of a criminal offense as discussed by the class presentation on the role of the prosecutor are: - 1. Act 2. Intent 3. Result While the Due Process model of the criminal justice system operates from a presumption of innocence, the Crime Control model presumes the defendant is: - guilty until proven innocent The CJS is organized on the basis of - sequence The best word to describe the Due Process Model of the cjs is to think of it as an - Obstacle course Ted Chricos' article suggests that policy in the CJS is often responsive to Moral Panics fueled in part by media news reporting practices. The most significant negative aspect of a moral panic is that it distracts attention from - root causes of crime Humans organize to take advantage of 2 economic phenomena - specialization, economies of scale Organization by numbers is best with - a complex technology and an unstable environment Organization by function is best with - a simple technology and a stable environment The notion that burglars make a rational economic decision against chances of being caught suggests that the proper cjs response is to - punish UCR Part 1 Violent crimes - - murder - rape/ sexual assault UCR Part 1 Property crimes - - arson -burglary - larceny The primary criticism of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is that: - It excludes transient and very poor persons The NCVS suggests that, from survey data, approximately what percentage of all crime is reported to law enforcement - 40% The primary criticism of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program is that: - It measures only crimes reported to law enforcement Crime victims have characteristics similar to those of their offenders - true 3 major influences that have professionalized law enforcement - 1. improvements in police techniques and leadership 2. court decisions on police procedures and civil liability 3. growing amount who earned college degrees Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) commissions include mandatory standards for - 1. officer hiring 2. minimum training 3. retention of certification The primary reason for delay in response to serious crime is - Delay in reporting the crime to the police The traditional or professional model of policing places a heavy emphasis on: - rapid response to calls A traditional standard for evaluating municipal dep personnel needs for officers is appx two full time officers per 1,000 inhabitants - true Police achieve coordination through the following mechanisms: - Mutual aid agreements between agencies One of the assumptions of the bureaucratic model of organizations is that top management is highly reliant on employees for info about enviro/ customers in the process of setting organizational direction - false In the early 1900's policing in the U.S. evolved from an emphasis on order maintenance to: - an emphasis on professionalism and crime fighting List four principles of bureaucracy - 1. top- down level of command 2. little discretion among individuals 3. each position has its own responsibilities and rules 4. if people follow rules correctly there will be few problems. Which system model best reflects the values of judges - due process Goldstein's article on police discretion not to invoke the criminal process claims that - there is not legal authority for the police not to enforce Goldstein suggests that there are negative consequences of the police use of informants. - Example of drug dealers in the city, high number of informants caused drug kingpin to move out of city. Drugs were still prevalent but harder to find the top organizers. Which of the following is true of crime victims? - Members of the lowest income group are most often the victims of crime. Successful Community Oriented Policing efforts could result in increased calls for service and reports of crime to police - true Cole's article on plea bargaining claims that bargaining is based on the notion that there is something in it for everyone. What is " in it" fo rth edefendent - less time served, less expense in providing for a defense, less uncertainty as to the outcome of an arrest. The actual number of crimes and the number known by the police are most similar for which crime: - auto theft List five factors that the prosecutor considers in determining whether or not to prosecute a criminal case - 1. criminal history 2. witnesses 3. presence of DNA evidence 4. likelihood the person will committ crime again 5. seriousness of the crime Statistically speaking, most violent crime is: - intra racial The CJS excercise of allows the CJS to cope with the complexity of the causation of crime - discretion