GRMN 2301 EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2024.

Antisemitism hostility to or prejudice against Jews. For the Nazis, this amounted to declaring them a racial group, not just a religious group. They were also viewed as a movement that the Germans didn't want. Anything that was seen as bad in the present time was blamed on the Jews -modern art -feminism -urban poverty -communism Lebensraum Literally means living space. The belief that Germany needed to expand the nation state in order to grow. This meant that they would expand to East Europe. This idea was also a big motivation for fighting WWII for the Germans. Nationalism "an extreme form of patriotism, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries." Nazism aimed for the creation of a new racial German community under the leadership of one man and aimed to get rid of parliamentary democracy. Pan Germanism a response to the expanse of German speakers in other countries. The belief that all German-blooded people should live in one country. Eugenics idea proposed by Henry Ford and enacted in the US in the early 1900s. The belief that a beautiful perfect race could be formed. For the Nazis, it would be destroying or sterilizing people in their country that weren't perfect aka disabled, the mentally ill, the Communists, the gypsies, POC, and the Jews. Social Darwinism human beings should allow themselves to be ruled by survival of the fittest. The Nazis wanted struggle with other nations in order to cultivate survival of the fittest. Think back to Mein Kampf and the middle school girls biology textbook Leadership Principle an anti communist ideal that Germany needed only one leader, and that would be Adolf Hitler. He enacted this idea when the President of Germany, Hindenburg, died and Hitler declared himself the "Law and Head of the German Reich". passed by the Reichstag, making him Chancellor and the leader of all. office of the president is retired "in memory of Hindenburg". "According to his so-called Leader Principle (Führerprinzip), ultimate authority rested with him and extended downward. At each level, the superior was to give the orders, the subordinates to follow them to the letter." Weimar Republic Democratic Republic formed in 1919 (after WWI) and ended in 1933 after Hitler came to power. The country was still recovering from WWI and was heavily damaged by the Treaty of Versailles which made it hard for Germany to rebuild it's military. The territory of Germany was greatly reduced. Then the Great Depression hit and inflation skyrocketed; people began burning money as fuel for fire. Then Hitler was released from prison in 1922 and was elected chancellor on Jan 30, 1933. on Feb 27, 1933, the reichstag burns (caused by a Dutch communist). Hitler enacts the Decree Emergency Powers act (article 48) and suspends 7 articles in the constitution. Radical Nationalism The Nazis saw themselves as a revolutionary movement. The Germans were nationalists in the sense that they felt extreme pride over the country and associated this feeling of pride with being racially Aryans. They believed that in Germany there should only be nationalist Germans, or ethnic Germans. NSDAP National Socialist German Workers Party Hitler appointed Chancellor Jan 30, 1933. "President Paul von Hindenburg had already appointed Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 after a series of parliamentary elections and associated backroom intrigues." Manichean world view That the world is an "us vs them" in which the us us the Aryan/ German race and the them is the Jews. In order to survive and thrive, one had to die. Redemptive Antisemitism The idea that anti semitism would save the Germans. The survival of the German race depended on anti semitism and that the only way to survive was the annihilation of the Jews. Reichstag Fire Decree on Feb 27, 1933, the reichstag burns (caused by a Dutch communist). Hitler enacts the Decree Emergency Powers act (article 48) and suspends 7 articles in the constitution. "The Reichstag Fire Decree permitted the regime to arrest and incarcerate political opponents without specific charge, dissolve political organizations, and to suppress publications. It also gave the central government the authority to overrule state and local laws and overthrow state and local governments." Enabling Act "a 1933 Weimar Constitution amendment that gave the German Cabinet - in effect, Chancellor Adolf Hitler - the power to enact laws without the involvement of the Reichstag. It passed in both the Reichstag and Reichsrat on 24 March 1933". Hindenburg signed the act a day later. Hitler's theory of three kinds of races in MK There are three types of races defined in Hitler's Mein Kampf: -culture creators= The Germans are the creators of culture, of art and self sacrifice. -Culture bearers= all other cultures have taken on the creation of culture that the Aryans/ Germans created and do not add or create culture themselves -culture destroyers= the Jews are destroyers of culture. they infiltrate every country only to destroy culture. They will ultimately destroy the culture of the Aryans unless the Germans destroy them. Enlightenment "The Enlightenment describes the period in European history (17th-18th century) when the dominant philosophical idea was that human reason, through rational thought, could alone be used to solve problems and serve as the ethical system for living". "Eighteenth Century Enlightenment was based on three assumptions: 1) the entire universe is fully intelligible and governed by natural rather than supernatural forces; 2) the "scientific method" can answer fundamental questions; and 3 ) the human race can be "educated" to improve itself, even to overcome limitations of birth and class." The Aryans/Germans were in contrast irrational and romantics. WWI years Nazi Regime years Weimar Republic years the last man According to Ernst Junger, the Last Man is the contemptible bourgeois liberal who venerates moral order, utility, and profit. The last man is the main who is enlightened and rational, the one who seeks out comfort and tries to avoid pain and has all opportunities in life. junger points out that although the prophecy of the last man has been fulfilled, his time is behind us. Perhaps the last man is called the last because junger says that the world of the self gratifying and self critical individual and its system of values is over, has been overthrown. the worker "The common element of the Soldier and Worker is active impersonnality. They too are children of technology. Because the same technology that transformed war into monotonous "work," drowning the chivalrous spirit in the mud of the trenches, has also transformed the world into a vast workshop where man is henceforth completely enthralled by the imperatives of productivity. Soldier and Worker, finally, have the same enemy: the contemptible bourgeois liberal". photography the camera for Junger allowed for the objectification of man into items that could be used for war and work for the purpose of the state. It allows for the distancing of oneself from the objects seen in the pictures. "The photograph stands outside the zone of sensitivity". second consciousness the new type of person being developed in Germany who can see himself as an object of the state. We can create realms with a high degree of accord between man and machine. The photograph stands outside the zone of sensitivity. sports sports allows people to measure how far the instrumental body of a human can go. the hardening, honing, even galvanizing of the human physique. Functionalism Interprets the actions of the Nazi Regime by focusing on the dynamics of decision making processes and the institutional pressures inherent in the Nazi system of government. Shoa Also known as the Holocaust in which the Nazis tried to destroy all Jews in Germany and surrounding states through the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. Through Mein Kampf, the Jews were seen as an active threat and Redemptive Antisemitism as a solution to the problem. In On Pain, Junger mentions the resettlement of entire populations in order to achieve the state that he envisions. Intentionalism That Hitler intended for the Shoah to happen and was the implementation of that intention. The problem with this argument is that there was clear indecision in the Nazi party on what to do about the Jews. polycracy There wasn't a total unification of state and Party in which many of the old German state institutions were held intact, despite the Party wanting to take complete control, because if they were to suddenly dismantle and replace these institutions, the state would become weak and vulnerable and perhaps fall apart. Hitler needed the economy and military to regain strength and therefore couldn't immediately dismantle these. Hitler also couldn't govern day to day activities and therefore left governing up to his minions who had their own interpretations of his directions and relayed these to the lower levels of the government. Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942-Feb. 2, 1943), was the successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the U.S.S.R. during World War II. 2 million people died, but this was turning point in WWII because the Nazis were defeated and made to surrender. The invading Germans saw the conquest of Stalingrad as essential to their campaign in southern Russia, since from this strategic point on the Volga River they could launch further assaults in the Caucasus. The city of Stalingrad was full of natural resources and a hub of transportation to places deeper in Russia. This was the battle where German expansion began to reverse.