FCCN-copied 2 Questions with solutions 2023

FCCN-copied 2 Questions with solutions 2023 What does pulse oximetry measure? Measures percent of oxygen bound to Hgb-determines hypoxemia What can contribute to false results in pulse oximetry? Vasoconstriction; hand tremors; hypothermia; low tissue perfusion; anemia; sickle cell disease; probe misplaced; dark nail polish; Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:06 / 0:15 Full screen What are the pitfalls of checking the pulse? Lacks specificity; age dependent; affected by emotion, fever, pain/anxiety, drugs(beta blockers) What is a sign of shock? Cool and tachycardic What is the systolic blood pressure? Pressure on arterial wall during ventricular contraction-increase in cardiac output and force of contraction with exercise but won't necessarily increase DBP What is the diastolic blood pressure? Pressure during ventricular relaxation-how clamped down a person is-dilated arteries decrease DBP-constricted arteries increase DBP At what blood volume does the systolic blood pressure fall? 30%-but this is a late sign of hypovolemia, cardiac failure, shock What is the pulse pressure? Difference between systolic and diastolic What is the normal pulse pressure? 35-40 What does a narrow pulse pressure tell you? Early sign of inadequate intravascular volume; cardiac tamponade What doea widening pulse pressure tell you? increased ICP What is one of the best indicators of adequate perfusion? Kidney perfusion-if getting urine, means getting perfusion. The minimum is 0.5mL/kg What is sensorium? The brain being sensitive to glucose and oxygen What does glucose and oxygen depend on with the brain? Adequate perfusion to the brain What is confusion an indication of? Poor perfusion or hypoxemia-usually the result of sepsis What are later CNS effects associated with Renal disease? Confusion; somnolence; emotional lability; seizures; coma What are cardiovascular effects that lead to kidney disease? Hypertension caused by fluid overload; hormonal factors; renovascular disease and Hyperkalemia What are pulmonary systemic effects associated with renal disease? Pulmonary edema resulting from fluid overload; fluid shifts secondary to CHF How would you control pulmonary edema? Fluid restriction; concentrate infusions; fluid removal with dialysis What are skeletal systemic effects from renal disease? calcium/phosphorus imbalance-weakened bones What do lab values look like with CKD? High phosphorus; low calcium; high parathyroid hormone How is Ca-Phos balance managed in CKD? Phosphorus restriction; What causes pruritis in CKD? High phosphorus What wastes are removed in hemodialysis? Cr; BUN; potassium/sodium; phosphorus; bicarb; dextrose What is removed with ultrafiltration in hemodialysis? fluid How long should you wait before checking electrolytes after hemodialysis? 2 hours What gauge of needles is usually used for hemodialysis catheters? 15