MDC2 Final Exam Study Guide,GURANTEED A PASS 2024

Ch. 56 – Care of Patients with Noninflammatory Intestinal Disorders ● Nonmechanical (ileus) vs. mechanical obstruction (intussusception, volvulus, etc.) o Non-mechanical: results from neurological disturbances that affect the muscles. Can be primary or secondary (often based on anesthesia medications). Remember to assess the patient's bowel tones for complications from this! ▪ Paralytic Ileus: the bowel is not impacted by a physical obstruction, but because of a lack of peristalsis as a result of neuromuscular disturbance, causing backup of fecal contents and abdominal distention and potentially leakage of stool contents into the peritoneum space can occur, causing inflammation and infection, decreased electrolyte levels and reduced blood volume. o Mechanical: from a structural disturbance of the bowel. ▪ Adhesions: scar tissue from surgery that builds up and causes obstruction ▪ Benign or malignant tumors ▪ Appendicitis complications: if the appendix bursts, often the contents will cause disruptions in fecal matter flow. ▪ Hernia: protrusion of the bowel through an opening that should not be there, causing pain and blockages. ▪ Fecal impactions: from constipation ▪ Strictures: from crohns or radiation ▪ Intussusception: telescoping of the bowel into itself. ▪ Volvulus: twisting of the bowels, allowing nothing to go through. o Physical Assessment ▪ Obstipation: severe constipation that may last for days without any passage of stools. Diarrhea may be present in partial obstructions ▪ Failure to pass gas ▪ Vomiting that may be foul smelling or coffee ground like