Brain Story Certification Questions and Answers Graded A+

Brain Story Certification Questions and Answers Graded A+ the brain begins as an embryonic structure called the neural tube, shortly after conception it is formed in neurulation, all areas of the brain develop from here the brain is considered mature around what age 25, the brain is not mature until our mid-twenties because the prefrontal cortex (which enables executive function abilities) continues to develop until this time what is the sequence in which we learn our abilities sensory, motor, emotional skills, executive function skills (begin in early childhood but their sensitive period of development continues into early adulthood) what stages of development are the most plastic and the least early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, adulthood, the brain becomes progressively less plastic with age the age at which a human has the most connections between neurons is 3, as the brain ages, unused connections are pruned away and active connections are strengthened how do experiences shape the developing brain they influence which neural connections are strengthened or pruned, they help us practice our skills at what stage of development do negative experiences influence the architecture of the developing brain at any stage of development, which neural circuits will be affected depends on when the negative experience occurs most traits and diseases in humans are derived from the interaction between genes and environmental influences what is an example of an epigenetic effect an environmental factor modifies the area surrounding a gene such that expression decreases is manual dexterity related to the quality of parental care a child receives no which gene has been shown to be epigenetically modified by the quality of maternal care in rat offsrping the glucocorticoid receptor gene which is methylated in response to maternal care what happens to the tress response system when the glucocorticoid receptor gene is epigenetically modified such that it is less active and produced fewer receptors the stress response increases what pre-existing conditions are associated with epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in victims of suicide childhood maltreatment which aspect of development is NOT affected by social interactions cognitive, social, emotional, language, physical and behavioral development are all affected by social interactions human infants need to be taught how to react to social causes by nothing- infants have an innate response to social cues what is meant by a "serve and return" interaction it is the interaction between a child and adult where various activities and communication pass back and forth in child development, joint attention refers to the infant coordinates their attention with an adult and another object in the environment, emerges in the first year of life which of the following factors is most likely to increase the quality of sever and return interactions for a child secure attachment increases a child's ability to interact with their caregiver and with others around them, even if they are unfamiliar what brain region is most involved in behavioral inhibition the amygdala mediates the responses to fear and anxiety and is over-active in children with behavioral inhibition which two hormones are involved in initiating our response to stress cortisol and adreneline what is cortisols activity during stress its release is shut down in negative feedback which parts of the brain are involved in mediating our responses to stress the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus,and amygdala are involved in determining whether or not a stimulus is stressful hypothalamus, and pituitary gland are responsible for initiating stress response what is the difference between tolerable and toxic stress in a child tolerable stress is buffered by supportive adult relationships but toxic stress is not what is the most common source of childhood toxic stress in western countries neglect because it occurs on its own but also as a result of parental difficulties such as maternal depression and parental substance misuse silencing of the glucocorticoid receptor gnee occurs through what kind of process an epigenetic one, not an allostatic one early life stress is associated with what physiological change in adulthood increased sensitivity to stress, increased levels of inflammation, and glucocorticoid resistance what executive functions are emphasized as the three classic executive function elements working memory, mental flexibility, inhibitory control executive functions skills finish maturing at about what age 25 years between what ages do executive function skills show the most dramatic period of growth 3-5 years which adult outcome is predicted by childhood inhibitory control at age 32 likelihood of having a criminal conviction, having a substance , misuse disorder, and having physical health problems what role do adults play in helping children build their executive function skills they keep distractions to a minimum, provide predictable routines and provide rules and consequences what would be least helpful when implementing an executive function curriculum in an early education program keeping executive function activities separate from other academic content the story of sam and elizabeth is about feaar and neglect, toxic stress and intergenerational trauma what outcomes are common to children in foster care they lag behind their peers in term of head circumference, in height, and daytime cortisol levels are altered what is the core focus of multidimensional treatment foster care the needs of the child, of the foster parents and the relationship between the child and the foster parents what measure can be used to predict placement instability in foster children the number of placements the child has had previously, the higher number of placements, the more likely the current placement will fail the main impact of the nurse family partnership program is what it helps strengthen the relationship between parents and their children and reduces toxic stress a key element of child-parent psychotherapy is what it promotes growth in the child-parent relationship that supports healthy development of the child long after the intervention is over