HiSET prep Science A-C Latest 2023 Graded A+

HiSET prep Science A-C Latest 2023 Graded A+ Acceleration The change in velocity resulting from a net force being applied to an object. Adaption The response to environmental change by a species, the physical change in a species over time in ways that make survival more likely in a given environment. Aerobic Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen. Allele Individual units of genetic information the define the inheritance of traits. Anerobic Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it. Assoiciation Another word for correlation. Describes the relationship between two variables in a data set. Atom The fundamental unit that makes up the physical material-matter in our natural world. Atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom, and the electrons orbit the nucleus in rings called shells. Protons have a positivie electrical charge. Neutron s have no elelctrical charge. Electrons have a negetive electrical charge. Atomic number The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. ATP A form of chemical energy used in cellular functions. Base A compound of DNA whose sequence on a strand defines the genetic code of an organism. Bases provide the mechanism fro two DNA strands to join together. Bias Accidental discrimination in experimental design that affects the quality of the results. Big Bang A theoretical giant explosion throught to have created the universe. Bonds Connections between atoms, used to form compounds and molecules. Carbon A chemical element. The symbol for carbon is C. Carbon dioxide A molecule consisting of 1 carbon and 2 oxygen atoms; a very important factor in global warming. Carnivore An animal that eats meat (other animals); often called a predator. Cause and Effect A relationship between two things in which one causes the other. Cell The basic unit supporting the structure and function of all living organism. some organisms consist of a single cell. Other organisms, like humans, animals, and plants, consist of many cells. Some cells (eukaryotic cells) have a well-defined central container (nucleus) of genetic material. Other cells (prokaryotic cells) do not have a nucleus. Cell Division The process that produces two cells from one parent cell. Cellular respiration A chemical reaction that takes place in the cell to release chemical energy from food. Chemical element a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom Chemical reaction A process that transforms energy from one form to another; for example, chemical bond energy becomes heat, or light becomes chemical bond energy. Chemical reactions must be balanced in terms of the number of atoms that enter and come out of the reaction. Chloroplast An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs Chromatin The material in the nucleus that contains the chromosomes. Chromosome A set of DNA molecules that define an organism's traits; the blueprint for the development of a new, variable cell. Circulatory system The system that includes the heart and blood vessels. It carries food, water, and oxygen to the cells and removes the waste products from cellular functions. cluster A group of points plotted close together on a scatter plot; indicates high probability. Consumer An animal that eats plants (herbivores). Continental Drift The movement of Earth's tectonic plates over long periods of time; responsible for the continents appearing like pieces of a puzzle. Control group The group is an experiment that is not exposed to the factor being tested. Controlled experiment An experiment with a control group and other design elements intended to reduce error and isolate the variable being tested. Core The inner portion of Earth; the planet's center. Correlation A relationships between two variables in a data set. Covalent bond A meoluclar bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. Crust The outer "skin" of Earth. Cup The customary unit of volume or capactiy