TEST BANK PRE TEST PATHOLOGY UPDATE 2023

Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Laboratory Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi High-Yield Facts High Yield Facts in Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 General Pathology Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Cardiovascular System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Hematology Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Respiratory System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Head and Neck Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Gastrointestinal System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Urinary System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Copyright 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies. 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Reproductive Systems Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Endocrine System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Skin Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Musculoskeletal System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Nervous System Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 vi Contents Preface The study of pathology, a science so basic to clinical medicine, has been abbreviated sadly in many medical schools in recent years, and at a time when explosive growth is occurring in the science. Recent advances in immunopathology, diagnosis of bacterial and viral diseases including AIDS, and detection of infectious agents such as papillomavirus in cervical dysplasia are proceeding at a tremendous rate. The tenth edition of Pathology: PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review includes such new subject areas as predictive values in the interpretation of laboratory data, the importance of cytokines, the molecular basis of genetic and other disease processes, and molecular biology techniques as these apply to lymphoproliferative disorders and other tumors. The medical student must feel submerged at times in the flood of information— occasionally instructors may have similar feelings. This edition is not intended to cover all new knowledge in addition to including older anatomic and clinical pathology. It is, rather, a serious attempt to present important facts about many disease processes in hopes that the student will read much further in major textbooks and journals and will receive some assistance in passing medical school, licensure, or board examinations. vii Copyright 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms of Use. This page intentionally left blank. Introduction Each PreTest® Self-Assessment and Review allows medical students to comprehensively and conveniently assess and review their knowledge of a particular basic science, in this instance pathology. The 500 questions parallel the format and degree of difficulty of the questions found in the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. Practicing physicians who want to hone their skills before USMLE Step 3 or recertification may find this to be a good beginning in their review process. Each question is accompanied by an answer, a paragraph explanation, and a specific page reference to an appropriate textbook or journal article. A bibliography listing sources can be found following the last chapter of this text. An effective way to use this PreTest® is to allow yourself one minute to answer each question in a given chapter. As you proceed, indicate your answer beside each question. By following this suggestion, you approximate the time limits imposed by the Step 1 exam. After you finish going through the questions in the section, spend as much time as you need verifying your answers and carefully reading the explanations provided. Pay special attention to the explanations for the questions you answered incorrectly—but read every explanation. The author of this material has designed the explanations to reinforce and supplement the information tested by the questions. If you feel you need further information about the material covered, consult and study the references indicated. The High-Yield Facts added for this edition are provided to facilitate rapid review of pathology topics. It is anticipated that the reader will use the High-Yield Facts as a “memory jog” before proceeding through the questions. ix Copyright 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Click Here for Terms of Use. This page intentionally left blank. Laboratory Values Substance Source Normal Albumin Serum 3.2–4.5 g/dL Alkaline phosphatase Serum 20–130 IU/L Bicarbonate Plasma 21–28 mM Bilirubin, direct (conjugated) Serum 0.3 mg/dL Bilirubin, indirect (unconjugated) Serum 0.1–1.0 mg/dL Bilirubin, total Serum 0.1–1.2 mg/dL BUN Serum 8–23 mg/dL Calcium Serum 9.2–11.0 mg/dL (4.6–5.5 meq/L) Chloride Serum 95–103 meq/L Cholesterol Serum 150–250 mg/dL Creatinine Serum 0.6–1.2 mg/dL GGT (γ-glutamyltransferase) Serum 5–40 IU/L Glucose (fasting) Serum 70–110 mg/dL Insulin Plasma 4–24 μIU/mL Iron Serum 60–150 μg/dL Iron saturation Serum 20–55% Osmolality Serum 280–295 mosm/L Phosphorus Serum 2.3–4.7 mg/dL Potassium Plasma 3.8–5.0 meq/L Protein Serum 6.0–7.8 g/dL Sodium Plasma 136–142 meq/L T3 resin uptake Serum 25–38 relative % uptake Thyrotropin (TSH) Serum 0.5–5 μIU/mL Thyroxine, free (FT4) Serum 0.9–2.3 ng/dL Thyroxine, total (T4) Serum 5.5–12.5 μg/dL