Pharmacology Module 2 (A+ GRADED)

Absorption correct answers Process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. Effects of absorption: Dosage, form, route, blood flow to the area, presence of food, GI functioning. Agonist correct answers Drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring hormones, neurotransmitters, and other substances. Bioavailability correct answers the portion of a drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Biotransformation correct answers referred to as METABOLISM; when drugs are altered from their original form into a new form by the body Distribution correct answers transport of drug molecules within the body. after a drug is injected or absorbed into the bloodstream, it is carried by the blood and tissue fluids to its sites of action, metabolism, and excretion. Most drugs enter and leave the bloodstream at the capillary level Enterohepatic recirculation correct answers drugs or metabolites that are excreted in bile, reabsorbed from the small intestine, returned to the liver, metabolized, and excreted in the urine Enzyme Induction correct answers stimulate liver cells to produce larger amounts of drug metabolizing enzymes. Accelerates drug metabolism because larger amounts of the enzymes and more binding sites allow larger amounts of a drug to be metabolized at a given time. Enzyme induction does not occur for 1-3 weeks after an inducing agent is started because new enzyme proteins must be synthesized Enzyme Inhibition correct answers INHIBIT production of drug metabolizing enzymes and often occurs with concurrent administration of two or more drugs that compete for the same metabolizing enzymes; occurs within hours or days of starting an inhibiting agent. Excretion correct answers Elimination from the body First-Pass Effect correct answers initial metabolism of some oral drugs as they are carried from the intestine to the liver by the portal circulatory system prior to reaching the systemic circulation for distribution to the site of action Hypersensitivity correct answers or allergy; may occur with any drug, is unpredictable and can produce a variety of reactions from rash, to anaphylactic shock Leukopenia correct answers abnormally low white blood cell count Metabolism correct answers the method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the body.