Maryville 612 Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
Claudication correct answer: a condition in which cramping
pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by
obstruction of the arteries. May be characterized as a dull ache
with accompanying muscle fatigue and cramps. Usually appears
with sustained exercise. Site of pain is distant to narrowing.
How do you test EOM? correct answer: Eye movement is
controlled by 6 extraocular muscles and 3 cranial nerves, III, IV,
and VI. To evaluate eye movement, use 4 techniques.
● First have the patient watch your finger move through the 6
cardinal fields of gaze. Jerking or sustained nystagmus is
abnormal. A few beats of horizontal nystagmus may occur.
● Second have the patient follow your finger vertically from the
ceiling to the floor.The globes and the upper eyelids should
move smoothly without eyelid lag or exposure of the sclera.
● Third, test extraocular muscle balance using the corneal light
reflex. WIth the patient looking at a nearby object, shine a light
on the nasal bridge. The eyes should converge and reflect the
light symmetrically.
● Fourth, if the corneal light reflex is imbalanced, perform the
cover-uncover test. As the patient stares at a fixed point nearby,
cover one eye and observe the uncovered eye. Then remove the
cover and observe that eye as it focuses on the object. Note any
eye movement.
,Your patient should be able to follow your finger with full,
smooth extraocular movements and without nystagmus, or
"shaky" eye motion. Normal extraocular movements indicate
intact cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.
*******What is the difference between objective and subjective
data? What components of the health history are objective and
subjective? *********** correct answer: Seidel pg 618:
objective: "direct observation, what you see, hear, and touch".
This includes vital signs and actual assessment. Subjective:
"information patients offer about their condition or feelings."
This includes chief complaint, past medical history, history or
present illness, family history, and review of symptoms.
Erb's point correct answer: Erb's point is the auscultation
location for heart sounds and heart murmurs located at the third
intercostal space and the left lower sternal border. Erb's point,
found two interspaces below the pulmonic area, does not reflect
sound from one particular heart valve, but is a common listening
post, lying halfway between the base and the apex of the heart.
Tonsil assessment correct answer: • Enlargement; Acute
infection, 2+, 3+, or 4+
o 1+ - visible
o 2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars
o 3+ touching uvula
o 4+ touching each other
Order physical assessment is done correct answer: Inspection,
Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
,Proper use of Otoscope on adult or child correct answer: Adult-
straighten the external auditory canal by pulling auricle up and
back
Child- face child sideways with one arm around parents waist.
Pull auricle either downward and back or upward and back to
gain best view of tympanic membrane.
How do you assess for sensoineural hearing loss correct answer:
air conduction heard longer than bone conduction with Rinne
Test; lateralization to unaffected ear; loss of high-frequency
sounds
How do you assess for conductive hearing loss correct answer:
bone conduction heard longer than air conduction with Rinne
Test; lateralization to affected ear with Weber Test; loss of low
frequency sounds; loss of 11-30 decibels on audiometry with
cerumen impaction.
Rinne Test***** correct answer: helps distinguish whether
patient hears better by air or bone conduction. Place the tuning
fork at base of vibrating tuning fork against the patient's mastoid
bone and ask patient to tell you when the sound is no longer
heard. Time this interval of bone conduction noting number of
seconds. Continue timing the interval of sound due to by air
conduction heard by the patient. Compare # of seconds air vs.
bone. Air conducted should be heard twice as long as bone
conducted sounds. (If bone conducted heard for 15 seconds, air
conducted should be heard for additional 15 seconds).
, Weber Test correct answer: helps assess unilateral hearing loss.
Place base of fork on mid-line of patient's head. Ask patient if
sound heard equally in both ears or in one ear (lateralization of
sound). Should hear sound equally.
Presbyopia correct answer: Progressive weakening of
accommodation (focusing power). The major physiologic
change that occurs after the age of 45 years; the lens becomes
more rigid, and the ciliary muscle becomes weaker.
Strabismus correct answer: a condition in which both eyes do
not focus on the object simultaneously, although either eye can
focus independently; may be paralytic or non-paralytic.
Photopsia correct answer: presence of perceived flashes of light.
(Most commonly associated with posterior vitreous detachment,
migraine with aura, retinal break, or detachment).
Amblyopia correct answer: also called lazy eye; is disorder of
sight d/t eye and brain not working well together. Results in
decreased vision in an eye that otherwise typically appears
normal. Most common cause of decreased vision in a single eye
among children and younger adults.
Macular Degeneration correct answer: is caused when part of
the retina deteriorates; dry (atrophic) from gradual breakdown of
cells in macula resulting in gradual blurring of central vision and
wet (exudative or neovascular)- new abnormal vessels grow
under the center of the retina; the blood vessels leak, bleed, and
scar the retina, distorting or destroying central vision. In contrast
Complete Solutions
Claudication correct answer: a condition in which cramping
pain in the leg is induced by exercise, typically caused by
obstruction of the arteries. May be characterized as a dull ache
with accompanying muscle fatigue and cramps. Usually appears
with sustained exercise. Site of pain is distant to narrowing.
How do you test EOM? correct answer: Eye movement is
controlled by 6 extraocular muscles and 3 cranial nerves, III, IV,
and VI. To evaluate eye movement, use 4 techniques.
● First have the patient watch your finger move through the 6
cardinal fields of gaze. Jerking or sustained nystagmus is
abnormal. A few beats of horizontal nystagmus may occur.
● Second have the patient follow your finger vertically from the
ceiling to the floor.The globes and the upper eyelids should
move smoothly without eyelid lag or exposure of the sclera.
● Third, test extraocular muscle balance using the corneal light
reflex. WIth the patient looking at a nearby object, shine a light
on the nasal bridge. The eyes should converge and reflect the
light symmetrically.
● Fourth, if the corneal light reflex is imbalanced, perform the
cover-uncover test. As the patient stares at a fixed point nearby,
cover one eye and observe the uncovered eye. Then remove the
cover and observe that eye as it focuses on the object. Note any
eye movement.
,Your patient should be able to follow your finger with full,
smooth extraocular movements and without nystagmus, or
"shaky" eye motion. Normal extraocular movements indicate
intact cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.
*******What is the difference between objective and subjective
data? What components of the health history are objective and
subjective? *********** correct answer: Seidel pg 618:
objective: "direct observation, what you see, hear, and touch".
This includes vital signs and actual assessment. Subjective:
"information patients offer about their condition or feelings."
This includes chief complaint, past medical history, history or
present illness, family history, and review of symptoms.
Erb's point correct answer: Erb's point is the auscultation
location for heart sounds and heart murmurs located at the third
intercostal space and the left lower sternal border. Erb's point,
found two interspaces below the pulmonic area, does not reflect
sound from one particular heart valve, but is a common listening
post, lying halfway between the base and the apex of the heart.
Tonsil assessment correct answer: • Enlargement; Acute
infection, 2+, 3+, or 4+
o 1+ - visible
o 2+ halfway between tonsillar pillars
o 3+ touching uvula
o 4+ touching each other
Order physical assessment is done correct answer: Inspection,
Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
,Proper use of Otoscope on adult or child correct answer: Adult-
straighten the external auditory canal by pulling auricle up and
back
Child- face child sideways with one arm around parents waist.
Pull auricle either downward and back or upward and back to
gain best view of tympanic membrane.
How do you assess for sensoineural hearing loss correct answer:
air conduction heard longer than bone conduction with Rinne
Test; lateralization to unaffected ear; loss of high-frequency
sounds
How do you assess for conductive hearing loss correct answer:
bone conduction heard longer than air conduction with Rinne
Test; lateralization to affected ear with Weber Test; loss of low
frequency sounds; loss of 11-30 decibels on audiometry with
cerumen impaction.
Rinne Test***** correct answer: helps distinguish whether
patient hears better by air or bone conduction. Place the tuning
fork at base of vibrating tuning fork against the patient's mastoid
bone and ask patient to tell you when the sound is no longer
heard. Time this interval of bone conduction noting number of
seconds. Continue timing the interval of sound due to by air
conduction heard by the patient. Compare # of seconds air vs.
bone. Air conducted should be heard twice as long as bone
conducted sounds. (If bone conducted heard for 15 seconds, air
conducted should be heard for additional 15 seconds).
, Weber Test correct answer: helps assess unilateral hearing loss.
Place base of fork on mid-line of patient's head. Ask patient if
sound heard equally in both ears or in one ear (lateralization of
sound). Should hear sound equally.
Presbyopia correct answer: Progressive weakening of
accommodation (focusing power). The major physiologic
change that occurs after the age of 45 years; the lens becomes
more rigid, and the ciliary muscle becomes weaker.
Strabismus correct answer: a condition in which both eyes do
not focus on the object simultaneously, although either eye can
focus independently; may be paralytic or non-paralytic.
Photopsia correct answer: presence of perceived flashes of light.
(Most commonly associated with posterior vitreous detachment,
migraine with aura, retinal break, or detachment).
Amblyopia correct answer: also called lazy eye; is disorder of
sight d/t eye and brain not working well together. Results in
decreased vision in an eye that otherwise typically appears
normal. Most common cause of decreased vision in a single eye
among children and younger adults.
Macular Degeneration correct answer: is caused when part of
the retina deteriorates; dry (atrophic) from gradual breakdown of
cells in macula resulting in gradual blurring of central vision and
wet (exudative or neovascular)- new abnormal vessels grow
under the center of the retina; the blood vessels leak, bleed, and
scar the retina, distorting or destroying central vision. In contrast
