Pharm 118 Final 2024 (With complete solution)

CHAPTER 11 ANESTHETICS Use of epinephrine w/ local anesth. correct answers • Epinephrine constricts blood vessels (local) limits site action to the local area • Administered to maintain localized drug activity • Serves to reduce local blood loss during minor surgeries • Serves to confine local anesthetic to injected area prevent systemic toxicity Priority care in immediate post op care correct answers • For general anesthesia temperature (malignant hyperthermiaTx with cardiorespiratory supportive (stabilize heart and lung function) & dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant) KNOW THIS!! Iman said its on the exam for sure • Airway and breathing is always priority ABCs • For spinal anesthesia continuous monitoring of respiratory and breathing status- return of sensation and motor activity below anesthetic insertion site Antidote for succinylcholine correct answers • Drug is very short acting- natural breakdown • Mechanical ventilation may be required • Cholinesterase- enzyme responsible for metabolizing succinylcholine Affects of anesthetics on various age group correct answers • Older pts may have decreased liver and kidney functioning • Decreased metabolism and elimination toxicity, OD • They are more sensitive to effects of drugs affecting CNS • They may take more meds=increase risk for adverse reactions and drug-drug interaction • Cardiac and respiratory disease = increase risk for heart dysrhythmias, hypotension, resp. depression, atelectasis, and or pneumonia during postanesthetic and postoperative Considerations for neuro blocking agents correct answers • Prevent nerve transmission in skeletal and smooth muscles paralysis • Also paralyze skeletal muscles used in breathing (intercostal and diaphragm) • NMBDs do NOT cause sedation or relieve pain or anxiety • Used with anesthetics • Used during surgery (mechanical ventilation required) • Pt may be paralyzed but conscious • Depolarizing an nondepolarizing • Non short-intermediate-long acting • Paralysis (fingers eyes limbs neck trunk intercostal muscles diaphragm) • Recovery is in reverse order o Nerve block anesthesia (because I wasn't sure what neuro blocking agents meant) Used for surgical, dental, and diagnostic procedures Therapeutic management of pain Injected directly into or around the nerve trunks or nerve ganglia that supply the area to be numbed