Microbiology chapter 19 Test

Microbiology chapter 19 Test All of these choices are correct - ANS 1. Anthrax is A. a zoonosis. B. transmitted by contact, inhalation, and ingestion. C. a disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia. D. only seen sporadically in the United States. E. All of these choices are correct. Anaerobic - ANS 2. Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following, except A. capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors. B. anaerobic. C. reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil. D. gram-positive bacillus. E. spore-former. Cutaneous - ANS 3. Which form of anthrax involves a black eschar on the skin? A. pulmonary B. gastrointestinal C. cutaneous D. All of these choices are correct. Pulmonary - ANS 4. Which type of anthrax is called "woolsorter's disease?" A. pulmonary B. gastrointestinal C. cutaneous D. All of these choices are correct. All of these choices are correct - ANS 5. Treatment and control of anthrax includes A. use of antimicrobics, such as ciprofloxacin for active cases. B. vaccination of livestock. C. toxoid for military and those with occupational exposure. D. proper disposal of animals that have died from anthrax. E. All of these choices are correct. Causes a zoonosis - ANS 6. Which is not correct about Bacillus cereus? A. present in soil B. produce enterotoxins C. causes food-borne intoxication D. causes a zoonosis E. associated with cooked rice, potato, and meat dishes that are stored at room temperature Botulism - ANS 7. The food-borne disease that involves neurotoxin is A. gastrointestinal anthrax. B. Bacillus cereus intoxication. C. botulism. D. Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis. E. All of these choices are correct. Clostridium perfringens - ANS 8. Production of enterotoxin is a characteristic of A. Clostridium botulinum. B. Clostridium perfringens. C. Clostridium difficile. D. Clostridium tetani. E. All of these choices are correct. Clostridium tetani - ANS 9. Production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of A. Clostridium botulinum. B. Clostridium perfringens. C. Clostridium difficile. D. Clostridium tetani. E. All of these choices are correct. Clostridium botulinum - ANS 10. Production of a neurotoxin that prevents acetylcholine release from motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions is a characteristic of A. Clostridium botulinum. B. Clostridium perfringens. C. Clostridium difficile. D. Clostridium tetani. E. All of these choices are correct. Clostridium perfringens - ANS 11. Which organism can infect deeper wound sites and produce exotoxins, enzymes, and gas that cause tissue and muscle necrosis? A. Clostridium botulinum B. Clostridium perfringens C. Clostridium difficile D. Clostridium tetani E. All of these choices are correct. Only produced under anaerobic conditions - ANS 12. Botulin, the toxin of botulism is A. not as virulent as tetanospasmin. B. detected and diagnosed by analyzing a patient's blood. C. the cause of rigid paralysis. D. only produced under anaerobic conditions. E. produced when spores germinate in the intestines of adults after ingesting contaminated food. Neurotoxin is not involved in the disease process - ANS 13. All of the following pertain to infant botulism, except A. symptoms include "floppy baby" appearance. B. neurotoxin is not involved in the disease process. C. ingested spores can germinate in the immature intestines of the neonate. D. symptoms include flaccid paralysis and respiratory complications. E. it is the most common type of botulism in the United States. Treatment involves antitoxin therapy - ANS 14. Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and food-borne botulism? A. It can be treated with antibiotics. B. It is caused by enterotoxins of the pathogen. C. Exotoxin blocks acetylcholine release. D. Nausea and diarrhea are symptoms. E. Treatment involves antitoxin therapy. It is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies - ANS 15. All of the following pertain to Clostridium difficile infection, except A. it is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies. B. it is a colitis that is a superinfection. C. it often has an endogenous source. D. it may be on the rise due to increased use of gastric acid inhibitors. E. it is major cause of diarrhea in hospitals. it produces endospores - ANS 16. All of the following pertain to Listeria monocytogenes, except A. it is gram-positive. B. it produces endospores. C. it frequently contaminates dairy products, meats, poultry. D. it causes food-borne listeriosis. E. bacterial cells multiply within the cytoplasm of a host cell. Enterotoxin of the organism causes symptoms - ANS 17. All of the following pertain to listeriosis, except A. it causes symptoms of fever, diarrhea, and sore throat. B. it causes a serious septicemia and meningitis in the elderly, immunocompromised, and infants. C. intrauterine infection usually results in fetal death. D. adequate pasteurization and thorough cooking of food can improve prevention. E. enterotoxin of the organism causes symptoms. An abrasion on skin coming in contact with infected swine or other animals - ANS 18. Erysipeloid is transmitted by A. inhalation of spores from hides and wool of animals. B. ingestion of improperly cooked hot dogs. C. an abrasion on skin coming in contact with infected swine or other animals. D. contaminated soil entering deep puncture wounds. E. respiratory secretions. Dipheria - ANS 19. Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in A. diphtheria. B. listeriosis. C. tuberculosis. D. erysipeloid. E. botulism. It is prevented by the DTaP immunization - ANS 20. Which of the following pertains to diphtheria? A. It results in meningitis. B. Symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea. C. It can be transmitted from mother's birth canal to neonate. D. It is prevented by the DTaP immunization. E. All of these choices are correct. Its exotoxin - ANS 21. The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is A. the capsule. B. the metachromatic granules. C. its exotoxin. D. the endospores. E. its endotoxin. All species are human pathogens - ANS 22. Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species? A. All species are human pathogens. B. Mycobacterial cell walls have waxy lipids. C. Mycobateria are acid-fast. D. Many mycobacterial species have a slow growth rate. E. Mycobacterial cells are long, slender rods. Has a cord factor that can prevent destruction by lysosomes and macrophages - ANS 23. Mycobacterium tuberculosis A. produces several virulence factor enzymes and an exotoxin. B. has a cord factor that can prevent destruction by lysosomes and macrophages. C. is a spore-former. D. has a capsule. E. lives in the soil. Anti microbial should cannot treat and cure tuberculosis - ANS 24. All of the following pertain to tuberculosis, except A. live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life. B. symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever, coughing, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. C. lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB. D. the BCG vaccine is used in other countries. E. antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis. All of these choices are correct - ANS 25. Tuberculin skin testing A. injects PPD intradermally. B. uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. C. will be positive if person has had previous exposure. D. will be positive in active TB. E. All of these choices are correct. All of these choices are correct - ANS 26. A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves A. chest X-ray. B. acid-fast stain of sputum. C. sputum culture. D. tuberculin skin test. E. All of these choices are correct. Caused by a pathogen that cannot be cultured in a lab - ANS 27. Leprosy is a disease A. of lung tissue. B. that has been eradicated around the world. C. caused by a pathogen that cannot be cultured in the lab. D. can be diagnosed by the Mantoux test. E. caused by a spore-forming, gram-positive bacillus. Causes asymmetrical, shallow skin lesions with loss of pain sensation - ANS 28. Tuberculoid leprosy A. causes asymmetrical, shallow skin lesions with loss of pain sensation. B. is the most disfiguring. C. is characterized by a large number of acid fast bacilli in the infected tissues (multibacillary). D. may have complications including secondary infections, kidney, or respiratory failure. E. All of these choices are correct. Mycobacterium marinum - ANS 29. Fish tank granuloma is caused by A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). B. Mycobacterium kansasii. C. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. D. Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. E. Mycobacterium marinum. Mycobacterium Avium complex (MAC) - ANS 30. The common soil mycobacteria that frequently cause systemic infection and death in AIDS patients is A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). B. Mycobacterium kansasii. C. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. D. Mycobacterium fortuitum complex. E. Mycobacterium marinum. Mycobacterium kansasii - ANS 31. Which of the following causes a non-communicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis? A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) B. Mycobacterium kansasii C. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum D. Mycobacterium fortuitum complex E. Mycobacterium marinum are filamentous rods that grow in clusters called sulfur granules in infected tissue - ANS 32. Actinomyces israelii A. can be transmitted by respiratory droplets. B. can cause pneumonia with symptoms similar to tuberculosis. C. are filamentous rods that grow in clusters called sulfur granules in infected tissue. D. lives in the soil. E. causes most cases in the immunocompromised. They are filamentous rods that grow in clusters called sulfur granules in infected tissue - ANS 33. Which is not a characteristic of Nocardia? A. It can be transmitted by respiratory droplets. B. It can cause pneumonia with symptoms similar to tuberculosis. C. They are filamentous rods that grow in clusters called sulfur granules in infected tissue. D. It lives in the soil. E. It causes most cases in the immunocompromised. Leprosy - ANS 34. For which of the following diseases does the "feather test" provide evidence of early infection? A. tuberculosis B. botulism C. tetanus D. leprosy E. anthrax All of these choices are correct - ANS 35. Which of the following is/are characteristic of lepromatous leprosy? A. Granulomatous thickenings and folds of the skin may develop. B. Lepromatous leprosy is the most disfiguring form of the disease. C. The pathogen grows extensively in cooler body areas, such as nose, ears, testes. D. Complications include secondary infections, kidney, or respiratory failure. E. All of these choices are correct. Mycobacterium leprae is highly virulent, causing disease in most individuals that are exposed. - ANS 36. Which of the following is not true about leprosy? A. It is caused by Hansen's bacillus in honor of its discoverer. B. Mycobacterium leprae is highly virulent, causing disease in most individuals that are exposed. C. Armadillos harbor a genetically identical M. leprae. D. Early signs appear as small, spotty lesions colored differently than the surrounding skin. E. The number of new cases in the U.S. each year is about 50 to 100, mostly associated with recent immigrants. It is a zoonosis - ANS 37. Which of the following is not true about diphtheria? A. It is a zoonosis. B. Humans can be healthy carriers. C. It is prevented with the DTaP vaccine. D. It is an upper respiratory infection. E. A pseudomembrane may form in the back of the throat. Antitoxin (DAT) comes from immunized human plasma donors - ANS 38. All of the following are true about diphtheria toxin, except A. it inhibits cellular protein synthesis. B. it must be neutralized with antitoxin. C. it primarily targets the heart and nerves. D. it is an exotoxin. E. antitoxin (DAT) comes from immunized human plasma donors. Consume home-preserved foods - ANS 39. The individuals most at risk for botulism are those that A. eat meat. B. are vegetarians. C. have a weakened immune system. D. consume home-preserved foods. E. eat often in restaurants. Botulism toxin in contaminated food - ANS 40. Generally, what must healthy adults consume in order to contract botulism? A. endospores of C. botulinum B. vegetative cells of C. botulinum C. botulism toxin in contaminated food D. botulism toxoid in contaminated food E. botulism antitoxin in contaminated food Therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to superinfection by C. Difficile - ANS 41. What is the usual cause of pseudomembranous colitis? A. improperly home-preserved foods containing botulin toxin B. consuming unpasteurized dairy products containing Listeria monocytogenes C. handling infected animals contaminated with E. rhusiopathiae D. therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics leading to superinfection by C. difficile E. living in close contact with someone infected with C. perfringens All of these choices are correct - ANS 42. Which of the following may be recommended for treating gangrene? A. debridement of the wound B. hyperbaric chamber C. amputation of affected limb D. rigorous cleansing of deep wounds E. All of these choices are correct. Withdrawal of antibiotics and replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes - ANS 43. Mild, uncomplicated cases of pseudomembranous colitis may be treated by A. debridement. B. wound cleansing. C. vancomycin for several weeks. D. withdrawal of antibiotics and replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes. E. All of these choices are correct. Endospore former - ANS 44. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Actinomyces israelii? A. non-motile B. may live in human oral cavity or intestine C. Colonies may display mycelium-like growth. D. endospore former E. Discharge from infections may contain sulfur granules. Receiving immunosuppressive drugs for treatment of an autoimmune disease - ANS 69. Which of the following would be a significant risk factor for the development of listeriosis? A. consumption of meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. B. being a vegan. C. receiving immunosuppressive drugs for treatment of an autoimmne disease D. consuming home-canned foods. Nocardiosis usually develops in individuals with a healthy immune response - ANS 72. All of the following are typical of nocardiosis, except A. it may be caused by Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia asteroides, or Nocardia caviae. B. infections may involve the lungs, the skin, or subcutaneous sites. C. nocardiosis usually develops in individuals with a healthy immune response. D. symptoms of pulmonary nocardiosis may resemble the symptoms of tuberculosis.