Microbiology Chapter 17

Microbiology Chapter 17 Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system? - ANS a generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against a class or group of pathogens Which of the following constantly shed dead cells along with any microbes that may be attached to those cells? - ANS epidermis Which of the following uses a particularly dense suite of tight junctions to prevent microbes from entering the underlying tissue? - ANS the blood-brain barrier Which of the following serves as chemical signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific defenses? - ANS cytokines Bacteriocins and defensins are types of which of the following? - ANS antimicorbial peptides Which of the following chemical mediators is secreted onto the surfaces of the skin? - ANS sebum Identify the complement activation pathway that is triggered by the binding of an acute-phase protein to a pathogen. - ANS lectin Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin are examples of which of the following? - ANS erythocytes White blood cells are also referred to as which of the following? - ANS leukocytes Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following? - ANS bone marrow Granulocytes are which type of cell? - ANS leukocyte PAPMs would be found on the surface of which of the following? - ANS pathogen _________ on phagocytes bind to PAMPs on bacteria, which triggers the uptake and destruction of bacterial pathogens? - ANS PRRs Which of the following best characterizes the mode of pathogen recognition for opsonin-dependent phagocytosis? - ANS A pathogen is first coated with a molecules such as complement protein, which allows it to recognized by phagocytes. Which refers to selling as a result of inflammation? - ANS edema Which type of inflammation occurs at the site of an injury or infection? - ANS acute stains with basic dye methylene blue, has large amounts of histamine in granules, and facilitates allergic responses and inflammation - ANS basophil stains with acidic dye eosin, has histamine and major basic protein in granules, and facilitates responses to protozoa and helminths - ANS eosinophil recognizes abnormal cells, binds to them, and releases perforin and granzyme molecules, which induce apoptosis - ANS natural killer cell large agranular phagocyte that resides in tissues such as the brain and lungs - ANS macrophage Match: natural killer cell - ANS virus-infected cell Match: neutrophil - ANS bacteria in a skin lesion eosinophil - ANS tapeworm in the intestines The muscular contraction of the intestines that results n the movement of material through the digestive tract is called ___________. - ANS peristalsis ___________ are the hair-like appendages of cells lining parts of the respiratory tract that sweep debris away from the lungs. - ANS cilia Secretions that bathe and moisten the interior of the intestines are produced by _________ cells. - ANS goblet ________ are antimicrobial peptides produced by members of the normal microbiota. - ANS bacteriocins ___________is the fluid portion of a blood sample that has been drawn in the presence of an anticoagulant compound. - ANS plasma The process by which cells are drawn or attracted to an area by a microbe invader is known as _________. - ANS chemotaxis Platletes are also called _____________. - ANS thrombocytes The cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all other blood cell types is the ______________. - ANS pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) PMNs are another name for ___________. - ANS neutrophils Kupffer cells residing in the liver are a type of __________. - ANS macrophage ________________ are similar to basophils, but reside in tissues rather than circulating in the blood. - ANS mast cells _____________, also known as diapedsis, refers to the exit from the bloodstream of neurtophils and other circulating leukocytes. - ANS extravasation Toll-like receptors are examples of ___________. - ANS pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) A(n) ______________ is walled-off area of infected tissue that exhibits chronic inflammation. - ANS granuloma The ___________ is the part of the body responsible for regulating body temperature. - ANS hypothalamus Heat and redness, or ____________, occur when the small blood vessels in an inflamed area dilate, bringing more blood much closer to the surface of the skin. - ANS erythema