PORTAGE LEARNINGBIOD 151 EXAM 1/79 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+)

PORTAGE LEARNINGBIOD 151 EXAM 1/79 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+) What are the six levels of organization in the body? - √Answeratom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system of organs, and organism Quiz: The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our external environment is provided by what system? - √AnswerIntegumentary system Quiz: The function of movement is provided by what system? - √AnswerMuscular system Quiz: The function of responsiveness is provided by what system? - √AnswerNervous system Quiz: The function of digestion is provided by what system? - √AnswerDigestive system Quiz: What is anabolism? - √AnswerThe building of muscle from obtained proteins and nutrients Quiz: What is catabolism? - √AnswerThe process of breaking down molecules to form simpler ones for energy Quiz: Excretion involves what system? - √AnswerUrinary system Quiz: The reproductive system is controlled by what other system? - √AnswerThe endocrine system Quiz: Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body? - √AnswerEpithelial tissue Quiz: What are the three steps in cellular respiration? - √AnswerGlycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Quiz: What is the purpose of ATP? - √AnswerATP is a form of energy Quiz: Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - √AnswerProtection, secretion, absorption, filtration Quiz: What are the four basic tissue types? - √AnswerEpithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nervous Quiz: Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction? - √AnswerSuperficial Quiz: Away from the body is what direction? - √AnswerDeep Quiz: Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what orientation? - √AnswerIntermediate Quiz: Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction? - √AnswerMedial Quiz: Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is what direction? - √AnswerInferior/Caudal Quiz: Toward the head end or upper part of a structure is what direction? - √AnswerSuperior Quiz: Toward or at the front of the body is what direction? - √AnswerVentral Quiz: Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis? - √AnswerDistal Quiz: Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand? - √AnswerProximal Quiz: Toward or at the back of the body is what direction? - √AnswerDorsal/Posterior Quiz: Closing of a joint is which action? - √AnswerFlexion Quiz: Opening of a joint is which action? - √AnswerExtension Quiz: In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination? - √AnswerSupination Quiz: Why are the hands supine in the anatomical position? - √AnswerBecause there are two bones in the forearm, the radius and ulna which cross over one another but when they are supine, the bones are independent of one another Quiz: Define elevation - √AnswerThe upward movement of a structure Quiz: Define depression - √AnswerThe downward movement of a structure Quiz: Define retraction - √Answermoving a body part backward and parallel to the ground Quiz: Define protraction - √Answermoving a body part forward and parallel to the ground Quiz: This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk - √AnswerAxial division Quiz: This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts - √AnswerSagittal plane Quiz: These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts - √AnswerCoronal plane and Horizontal plane Quiz: A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts - √AnswerSuperior and inferior portions Quiz: These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes - √AnswerDiagonal cuts Quiz: This body cavity protects the nervous system - √AnswerDorsal body cavity Quiz: This body cavity encases the brain - √AnswerCranial cavity Quiz: This cavity encloses the spinal cord - √AnswerSpinal cavity Quiz: The frontal plane is also known as the what plane? - √AnswerCoronal plane Quiz: The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities - √AnswerThoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity Quiz: This cavity encloses the heart - √AnswerPericardial Cavity Quiz: The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered membrane called the - √AnswerSerous membrane Quiz: What is pleurisy - √AnswerThe inflammation of tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity Quiz: The abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants? - √AnswerLUQ, LLQ, RUQ, RLQ Quiz: This region surrounds the naval - √AnswerUmbilical region Quiz: This region houses the pelvis - √Answerthe Pelvic Cavity Quiz: This cavity houses the teeth and tongue - √AnswerThe buccal cavity Quiz: This cavity houses the eyes - √AnswerOrbital cavity Quiz: Joints are lined with what? - √AnswerSynovial tissue Quiz: This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them. - √AnswerThe tympanic cavity; ossicles, the malleus, incus, and the stapes Quiz: Explain why active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small - √AnswerThe cell must be able to obtain nutrients and excrete waste at a speed fast enough to fulfill the cells needs. As the cell gets larger, the surface area decreases which leads the metabolism to be relatively limited Quiz: Explain the three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - √AnswerProkaryotes: bacteria, smaller size, DNA not enclosed, do not contain membrane bound organelles Eukaryotes: human cells, much larger in size, contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Quiz: What is the function of the nucleus - √Answercontains DNA and serves as the control centre Quiz: What is the function of ribosomes? - √Answerresponsible for assembling proteins Quiz: What is the function of smooth ER? - √Answerresponsible for lipid synthesis Quiz: What is the function of rough ER? - √Answerresponsible for lipid synthesis Quiz: What is the function of RNA? - √Answerdecode messenger RNA and synthesize the formation of peptide bonds Quiz: What is the function of endospores? - √Answerallows bacteria to survive in dormant state and preserve DNA while enduring high stress conditions Quiz: What is the function of the Golgi complex? - √Answerreceives lipids and proteins from ER and alters the structures and ships them to other parts of the cell Quiz: What is the function of lysosomes? - √Answercontain digestive enzymes to breakdown waste products and harmful materials Quiz: What is the function of mitochondria? - √Answerconvert chemical energy to ATP Quiz: What is the function of the plasma membrane? - √Answerregulate the passage of materials that enter and exit the cell Quiz: What is the function of microtubules and microfilaments? - √AnswerMicrotubules: involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and in the structure if there is cilia or flagella Microfilaments: Two intertwined chains of actin that work together with myosin to cause the formation of two daughter cells Quiz: What is the function of the extracellular matrix? - √AnswerBinds together and regulates many cellular functions Quiz: Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production - √AnswerAerobic respiration is the process of using oxygen to create CO2 and ATP. The purpose of ATP production is to produce as much energy as possible Quiz: Explain what happens in Tay-Sachs disease - √AnswerOne of the normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting build-up of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death. Quiz: Define Eukaryotic cells - √Answercells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Quiz: Define Prokaryotic cells - √Answercells that do not contain a nucleus and do not contain membrane bound organelles or enclosed nuclei Quiz: Define membranes - √Answera thin layer of cells that act as a lining or boundary to protect the cell Quiz: Define diffusion - √Answerthe movement of molecules from a high concentration to a lower concentration Quiz: Define active transport - √Answerwhen particles are moving against their concentration gradient and therefore require energy expenditure Quiz: Define endocytosis - √Answerthe taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole Quiz: Define proteins - √Answerlarge macromolecules that contain one or more long chains of amino acids Quiz: Define isotonic - √Answerequal amounts of solutes inside and outside the cell Quiz: Define hypertonic - √Answerhigher solute concentration on the outside of the cell than on the inside Quiz: Define hypotonic - √Answerlower solute concentration on the inside of the cell than the inside Quiz: Define cholesterol - √Answeran organic molecule comprised of lipids Quiz: