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electrical conductor Any material that can carry an electrical charge from one point to another ITS Information technology systems ITS wire and cable materials Copper, copper-covered steel, high-strength copper alloys, aluminum Copper Conductor Sets the standard for comparing the conductivity of other metals. Annealed copper is used as the reference value (100% conductivity). Other common conductors have less than 100% of annealed coppers electrical conductivity. Copper-Covered Conductor Also Known as copper-clad steel, it combines the conductivity of steel copper with the strength of steel. It is typically used as a conductor for aerial, self-supporting drop wire. In the production of this type of conductor, a copper layer is bonded to a steel core. High-Strength Conductor A mixture of Copper and other metals to improve certain copper alloy properties and characteristics of copper. Alloys such as cadmium-chromium copper and zirconium copper offer important weight reductions or greater strength. These factors are especially important in aerospace and computer applications. Alloying of pure copper has an adverse effect on its conductivity. The alloys above have 85% conductivity ratings. Aluminum A bluish silver-white malleable ductile light trivalent metallic element that has good electrical and thermal conductivity, high reflectivity, and resistance to oxidation. It has about 60% conductivity compared with copper and is lighter in weight than copper. Aluminum is most commonly used in electrical utility distribution lines Solid Conductors Consist of a single piece of metal wire Stranded Conductors bundle together a number of small-gauge solid conductors to create a single, larger conductor RCDD Registered Communications Distribution Designer Solid Conductors Advantages Less Costly Less Complex Termination Systems Better Transmission performance at high frequencies Less Resistance Stranded Conductors Advantages More Flexible Longer Flex Life Less susceptible to damage during crimp termination processes Composite Conductor Conductors constructed from nontraditional materials (metallic resins, graphite). Used in telephone receiver and mounting cords, inexpensive headsets, and other low-end audio devices Composite Conductor Advantages Flexible Lightweight Inexpensive and easy to produce Easily embedded into other materials Low coefficient of expansion Composite Conductor Disadvantages Poor analog transmission characteristics, including high attenuation, especially above 4000 Hertz Poor digital transmission characteristics Easily damaged unless encased in a rigid material Inconsistent quality AWG American Wire Gauge American Wire Gauge Standard reference for comparing various conductor materials PE Polyethylene PVC Polyvinyl chloride OSP Outside Plant FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene ECTFE Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene Dielectric constant a quantity measuring the ability of a substance to store electrical energy in an electric field