DCOM Exam 2 fully solved graded A+ 2023/2024

DCOM Exam 2Phonemes - correct answer Sounds of language that can change meaning Ex: bathe/bath Speech Delay - correct answer Slower start to speech Speech Disorder - correct answer Not making sounds properly and not developing typical/normal speech patterns at a specific age Articulation - correct answer Sound errors/distortions/substitutions Usually wrong tongue position PAST developmental age Various normative data Phonology - correct answer Disorders of the sound system Rules/ patterns of language By age _____ or earlier, children start using consonants at the ends of words. (final consonants) - correct answer 3 Final Consonant Deletion (phonology) - correct answer only using vowels at the ends of words ex: mama, kitty, papa, doggy Initial Consonant Deletion (phonology) - correct answer starting consonant words with vowels ex: om (mom), ad (dad), itty (kitty) Fronting (articulation or phonology) - correct answer velar sounds changes tongue at the front of the mouth ex: tat (cat), do (go), bat (back), tar (car), bit (big) Cluster Reduction (phonology) - correct answer initial clusters -- st, sk, sp, br, tr, pl, etc. 1. eliminating hard element of cluster, first letter gone ex: tar (star) 2. frontal lisp ex: R sound turns to W sound, S sound turns to Th Stopping (phonology) - correct answer africative/ fricatives changed to stops ex: tun (sun), base (vase), doo (zoo), ping/fing (thing) Bilabial - correct answer putting lips together ex: p (-v), b (+v), m, w Labio dental - correct answer bottom lips against top teeth ex: f, v Inter dental - correct answer tongue between teeth ex: th sound -- theta/think/thing (-v), the/then/mother (+v) Alveolar - correct answer tongue goes to top front teeth ex: t (-v), d (+v), n, s (-v), z (+v), l (only sound that is lateral - air goes around sides of tongue) Palatal - correct answer hard palate ex: long s - sh (-v), measure/beige (+v), church, judge, r, j (makes yah sound - yes/union) Velar - correct answer by soft palate ex: k (-v), g (+v), ing sound Glottal - correct answer made at vocal folds ex: h Stop - correct answer ex: p, b, t, d, k, g Nasal - correct answer velum is down ex: m, n, ing sound Fricative - correct answer ex: f, v, theta/think/thing, the/then/mother, s, z, sh, measure/beige, h Affricative - correct answer stop and fricative ex: church/judge Liquid - correct answer ex: l, r Glide - correct answer ex: w, yah sound Dipthong - correct answer combination of two vowel sounds to make one ex: aI (I sound - tie, lie, buy), eI ( ay sound - they, say, way) Purpose of articulation/phonological tests - correct answer determine what sound errors and/or patterns exist Examples of articulation/phonological test assessments - correct answer Pictures or stories that child has to identify or tell to see what productions are like Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) - correct answer Neurological and speech disorder Not common - 1 or 2 children in 1000 will have disorder