Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) questions and answers verified 100%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) questions and answers verified 100% Describe RSV - highly contagious respiratory infection Affects almost all children before age 2 Asymptomatic or presents as simple cold in individuals older than age 2 May have repeated RSV infections throughout lifespan Symptoms tend to be less severe with repeated exposures Pathophysiology of RSV - RSV infects squamous epithelial cells of bronchioles, alveoli Infected cells merge with adjacent cells, forming syncytia that burst and die -- Resulting debris clogs minute airways Cycle repeated throughout both lungs Airways only partially obstructed Allow air in Expulsion of air hindered by mucus and/or airway swelling Wheezing, crackles in airways Rhinorrhea, atelectasis, hypoxemia May lead to apnea, pulmonary edema RSV is the primary cause of? - Respiratory Infections among children and older adults What standard precautions does RSV require - Direct precaution - gown and gloves Risk Factors - Not being breastfed Secondhand smoke exposure Attend child care Live in crowded conditions Socioeconomically disadvantaged Prematurity Chronic lung disease Acyanotic congenital heart disease Reduced immunity Children 2 years of age, older adults have higher risk for complications Prevention - - Good hand hygiene - RSV can survive on hard surfaces for several hours - Medication: palivizumab for infants at high risk for serious RSV infections, complications Not effective in treatment of acute RSV infection Not recommended for use in general prevention of healthcare-associated RSV infection **treat the symptoms and provide comfort** Clinical Manifestations - - Presentation begins 3-5 days after exposure Rhinorrhea, cough, irritability Low-grade fever for 1-3 days - Copious mucus secretions in lung fields, nasal passages, usually green - More serious signs, symptoms increased irritability Excessive coughing Wheezing Call emergency medical services (EMS) for transport for these symptoms- - Marked retractions of ribcage