Biology Clep

Shoot System --The aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits Gather light and CO2 for photosynthesis --Function of the Shoot System Gather light for photosynthesis --Function of leaves Attract pollinators and release pollen --Function of flowers Angiosperms --flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit Fruits --Mature reproductive organ in plants Roots --underground organs that absorb water and minerals Vascular Plants --plants that have tissues made of cells that transport water, sugar, and nutrients throughout the plant; most visible plants are this Non-vascular plants --plants that lack vascular tissue for transporting materials; usually small and hiddne Xylem --Vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves Cohesion-tension --Pulls water and minerals up through the plant as water vapor is lost Phloem --Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant; goes from leaves to the rest of the plant Food --Sugars made via photosynthesis are called carbohydrates --some plants store _____ as starch in stems/roots ; ex : potatoes, turnips, beets Transpiration --Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant sporophyte --Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism. Makes haploid spores by meiosis. auxin --a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth gibberellins --plant hormones that promote stem and leaf elongation ethylene --plant hormone that stimulates fruits to ripen cytokinins --Plant hormones that stimulate cell division and cytokinesis haploid and diploid phases --A plant's life cycle is an alternation of ___ Sporophyte --Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism. Makes haploid spores by meiosis. gametophytes, mitosis --Sporophytes grow into ____ via ____ ? Gametophyte --Haploid, or gamete-producing, phase of an organism; produces gametes via mitosis, which fuse to form a diploid organism (sporophytes) Sporophyte, Gametophyte --A pine tree is a ___ , and a pine cone in the tree is a ____ Sperm --Male gamete Egg --Female gamete Zygote --Fused sperm and egg (fertilized) Embryo --Growing zygote (more than a few cells) Swimming --Male gameotyophyes in plants in wet areas transmit by: Packaged inside pollen grains --Male gameotyophyes in plants NOT in wet areas transmit by: Vascular System --Plant hormones are transported via a Auxin --Plant hormone that promote's shoot elongation, produced in shoot tips, and transported only from tip to base of shoot Cytokinins --Plant hormone that simulates cytokinesis; produced in actively growing tissue like roots, embryos, and fruit Gibberellins --Plant hormone that affect cell divison & elongation, fruit growth, and seed germination Abscisic Acid --Plant hormone that slows growth Ratio of ABA to growth hormones --What determines whether growth occurs in plants? Ethylene --Plant hormone that is produced in response to stress like drought, flood or injury; causes fruit to ripen or cell to die