criminology unit 4 (With complete solution)

how are prison designed to help reduce crime? correct answers Panopticon shape What is judicial precedent? correct answers It is a law that is created by the judge in court. They have to make a judgement and then this then creates a new law which then needs to be followed in other cases in court. What is statutory interpretation? correct answers It is the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation. Some amount of interpretation is often necessary when a case involves a statute. What is the crime control model? correct answers It seeks a quick and efficient disposal of criminal cases similar to an conveyer belt. The aim is to punish criminals and stop them from committing further crime The focus is fallen on protecting the victims of the crime. What is the due process model? correct answers It focuses on the presumption of the innocence and the necessity of producing fairness by protecting the defendants legal rights. They believe that criminal are innocent until proven guilty. What cases link to the crime control model? correct answers Colin stagg Barry George Gareth Hughes What cases link to the due process model? correct answers Sion Jenkins Garry Weddell What is internal forms of social control? correct answers Your conscience What is rational ideology? correct answers This is the idea or belief to achieve social control. Your conscience, with feelings of guilt and anxiety or worries from within. what are forms of external forms of social control? correct answers it is punishments that are given to you so you understand that you have done something wrong . for example: teachers give students detentions if the have broken a school rule. What is coercion? correct answers it is the use of force to reach a desirable end. Sometimes it is physical or non-violent. Physical is bodily injury, imprisonment and death penalty. non-violent is strike or boycott. What is the control theory? correct answers it tries to explain why people do not commit crimes. They support the view that people require nurturing in order to develop attachments or bonds that a re key in producing internal controls such as conscience. what is retribution? correct answers It aims to punish an offender to the level that the deserve. It contains an element of revenge. It also helps to compensate a victim in a way.