BIO 201- Midterm Exam Study Guide With Correct Answers.

BIO 201- Midterm Exam Study Guide With Correct Answers. What is the difference between "anatomy" and "physiology"? - ANSWER anatomy is when you learn about the structure of body parts, physiology is when you study the functions and relationship of the body part List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex. - ANSWER Subatomic Particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up atoms Atom: tiny particles that make up elements (hydrogen, carbon) Molecule: particles consisting of atoms joined together (water, glucose) Macromolecule: large particles consisting of molecules (D N A, protein) Organelle: functional part of a cell (mitochondrion, lysosome) cell - ANSWER The basic unit of structure and function in living things Tissue - ANSWER A group of similar cells that perform the same function. organ - ANSWER group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions System - ANSWER A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal. Homeostasis - ANSWER A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state Metabolism - ANSWER All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism positive feedback mechanism - ANSWER the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated negative feedback mechanism - ANSWER feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end human life depends on what 5 environmental factors - ANSWER water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism - ANSWER receptors: provide info on specific stimuli in the internal environment control center: includes a set point, tells what a particular value should be effector: such as muscles or gands which elicit responses that alter conditions in the internal environment locations of the major body cavities visceral layer - ANSWER Inner layer, covers organs parietal layer - ANSWER outter layer, lines the internal surface of the body wall Atomical position - ANSWER body is erect, feet parallel, arms at sides with palms forward Identify the basic types of intercellular junctions. - ANSWER juntions ing junctions somes 4. hemidesmosomes 5. gap junctions List the 4 major types of tissue. Know the general characteristics of each basic type. Know the subcategories of each type and where those tissues can be located in the human body. - ANSWER epithelial: covers and lines budy structures; in addition to this covering/ lining function, some epithelial tissues may be specialized for secretion connective tissue: fills internal spaces, supports other tissues, transport materials and stores energy muscle tissue: specialized for contraction to produce some kind of movement ' nervous tissue: communicates and regulates by sending action potentials through the body endocrine glands - ANSWER Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream exocrine glands - ANSWER secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body