Statistics in Psychology question n answers graded A+ 2023 passed

Statistics in PsychologyWhat is the definition of statistics? The term statistics refers to a set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information. What are statistical procedures? Usually shortened to the word "statistics," statistical procedures are mathematical procedures used for research in the behavioral sciences. They help ensure that the information or observations are presented and interpreted in an accurate and informative way. They provide researchers with a set of standardized techniques that are recognized and understood throughout the scientific community. What are two facets to statistics? 1. Statistics are used to organize and summarize the information so that the researcher can see what happened in the research study and can communicate the results to others. 2. Statistics help the researcher to answer the general questions that initiated the research by determining exactly what conclusions are justified based on the results that were obtained. What is a population? The set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study. What is a sample? A set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a research study. What is the goal of a researcher when he/she finishes examining the sample? To generalize the results back to the entire population. What is a variable? A characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different individuals. What is a datum? A score or raw score based on the measurements obtained for each individual in a study, which is based on a single measurement. What is data? The plural of datum, where multiple measurements or observations are made. What is a data set? A collection of measurements or observations. What is a sample score? The score an individual received upon measurement. What is a parameter? A value, usually a numerical value, that describes a population. A parameter is usually derived from the measurements of the individuals in the population. What is a statistic? A value, usually a numerical value, that describes a sample. A statistic is usually derived from measurements of the individuals in the sample. What are descriptive statistics? Statistical procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data. They take raw scores and organize or summarize them in a form that is more manageable. What are inferential statistics? They consist of techniques that allow us to study samples and then make generalizations about the populations from which they were selected. What is one problem with using samples? A sample provides only limited information about the population. Although samples are generally representative of their populations, a sample is not expected to give a perfectly accurate picture of the whole population. What is sampling error? The discrepancy between a sample statistic and the corresponding population parameter. It is also known as the "margin of error." It represents the unpredictable, unsystematic differences that can exist from one sample to another. If you were interested in a score for an entire group, what would that figure be called? A parameter. What would you call a group which participates in a study? A sample. What would the average score among a participant group be called? A statistic. What are the two general categories of statistical techniques, and what is the general purpose for the techniques in each category? A. Descriptive: organize, simplify, summarize B. Inferential: reach general conclusions