ATI Teas Anatomy And Physiology Test Bank| Questions and Corrects Answers | (Graded A+)

CELLS & BASIC STRUCTURE ● Prokaryotes ○ single-celled (bacteria or archaea) with flagella (for movement) ○ Replicate through binary fission → split apart and make 2 exact copies of same cell ○ DNA is contained in single circular chromosome ● Eukaryotes ○ Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria ○ Reproduce through mitosis or meiosis ○ DNA is contained in multiple linear chromosomes ● All cells have cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA ● Plant cells contain all same organelles but contain cell walls with chloroplast ○ Organelles that aid in photosynthesis ORGANELLES OF A CELL Organelle Function Cell membrane ● Controls movement of solutes in and out of the cell (proteins, enzymes, chemicals) ● Selectively permeable ● Made of double layer of phospholipids (hydrophilic phosphate head, hydrophobic fatty acid tail) Nucleus ● contains DNA ● Codes for protein (transcription → process of making mRNA from gene) ● DNA replication and RNA transcription occur Nucleolus ● Where most RNA and ribosomes are made Mitochondria ● “Powerhouse of cell” ● Produce ATP via aerobic respiration ● Has a double membrane, small cir