NURS MISC Final Nursing Fundamental

NURS MISC Final Nursing Fundamental Chapter 1 1) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. In the beginning of civilization, the role of the physician was carried out by the medicine man and the nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness. Answer: A. True. Rationale: In the beginning of civilization, The physician was the medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits. The nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. 2) A hospital nurse works collaboratively with a physician, social worker, physical therapist, and home health care nurse to provide nursing care for a patient following an MVA. What should be the central focus of this care? Answer: D. The patient Rationale: The central focus in all definitions of nursing is the patient (person receiving care), which includes the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of that person. Nursing is no longer considered to be concerned primarily with illness care. 3) A nurse who uses critical thinking skills to develop a nursing care plan for an expectant mother of triplets is said to be using which skill? Answer: A. Cognitive Rationale: Cognitive skills involve thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make decisions regarding care. Technical skills enable nurses to manipulate equipment to produce a desired outcome. Interpersonal skills involve caring relationships. Ethical/legal skills enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally. 4) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. A nurse who explains a surgical procedure to a patient in order to obtain informed consent is fulfilling the role of counselor. Answer: B. False. Rationale: A nurse who explains a surgical procedure to a patient in order to obtain informed consent is fulfilling the role of advocate. 5) Which of the following establishes criteria for the education and licensure of nurses? Answer: B. Nurse practice acts Rationale: Nurse practice acts regulate the practice of nursing, including education and licensure. Nursing process is a guideline for nursing practice, enabling nurses to implement their roles. ANA standards of nursing practice protect and allow nurses to carry out professional roles. The National League of Nursing fosters the development and improvement of nursing services. Chapter 2 1) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Traditional and authoritative knowledge are practical to implement, but are often based on subjective data, limiting their usefulness in a wide variety of settings. Answer: True 2) Which of the following is a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result? Answer: A. Process Rationale: A process is a series of actions, changes, or functions to bring about a desired result taking systematic steps. A science implies a body of knowledge. A philosophy is the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop a perception of life. A theory is composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality. 3) A nurse who tests a nursing theory by examining the theory itself and then considering the specific actions or ideas is using deductive reasoning. Answer: A. True Rationale: A nurse who tests a nursing theory by examining the theory itself and then considering the specific actions or ideas is using deductive reasoning. 4) Which of the following is the central theme in theoretical frameworks of nursing? Answer: A. The person receiving the care Rationale: Theoretical frameworks of nursing provide a focus for nursing care activities. The person receiving care is the central theme, but the way each theorist defines that person, the environment, health, and nursing gives a unique focus, specific to a particular theory. 5) The basis of phenomenology is the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. Answer: B. False Rationale: The basis of grounded theory is the discovery of how people describe their own reality and how their beliefs are related to their actions in a social scene. 1) Which nursing intervention is an example of secondary prevention? B. Screening school-aged children for scoliosis Rationale: Secondary prevention centers on health maintenance and is aimed at early detection and prompt intervention to minimize illness or disease. Screening for scoliosis in children can help identify this problem so that the child can be referred to in order to minimize long-term complications. Health teaching is considered primary prevention. Rehabilitation is considered tertiary prevention because it focuses on minimizing deterioration 2) What nursing intervention best illustrates the protection of patient confidentiality in the home care setting? D. Placing the medical record in a secure place within the home Rationale: The home care patient has a right to confidentiality and information should only be shared with patient permission. The nurse may need the chart; therefore, leaving it in the trunk may not be the best intervention. Allowing the neighbors into the home does not respect the patient’s privacy 3) What are appropriate safety precautions when caring for a patient in the home? C. Try to schedule visits in the daylight hours when possible Rationale: Less crime and better visibility are factors to scheduling visits during the daylight hours. Nurses should carry phones for emergencies, should park close to the patient’s home, and should not drive expensive cars when making home visits. Chapter 3 1) Which is an example of an acute illness? Answer: C. Pneumonia Rationale: Pneumonia is an acute illness that has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis are chronic illnesses that cause apermanent change, require special patient education for rehabilitation, and require a long period of care or support. 2) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. A person who is experiencing a productive cough and fever takes a sick day to recuperate and decide whether to make an appointment with the doctor. This person is said to be in stage 3 of illness behavior: assuming a dependent role. Answer: B. False Rationale: A person who defines oneself as sick and self-medicates or visits a doctor is said to be in stage 2 of illness behavior: assuming the sick role. 3) Tell whether the following statement is true or false. A person who keeps in touch with neighbors in an attempt to foster a “community feeling” is promoting one’s emotional human dimension. Answer: B. False Rationale: A person who keeps in touch with neighbors in an attempt to foster a “community feeling” is promoting one’s sociocultural human dimension. 4) What is an example of a nursing activity that promotes secondary prevention as a level of preventive care? Answer: B. Performing a blood pressure screening at a local mall Rationale: Secondary preventive care focuses on early detection of disease, such as heart disease in this example. Primary preventive care is directed toward promoting health and preventing diseases. Tertiary care begins after an illness is diagnosed to reduce disability and rehabilitate patients. 5) Which model of health and illness views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale? Answer: B. Health–illness continuum Rationale: The health–illness continuum measures a person’s level of health on a graduated scale. The agent– host–environment model refers to the interaction of the agent, host, and environment creating risk factors that must be examined. The health promotion model illustrates how people react to their environment as they pursue health. The health belief model is concerned with what people believe to be true about their health. 1) What is an example of using critical thinking when providing genetics-related nursing care? B. Assess and analyze family history data for genetic risks Rationale: Critical thinking is the process of gathering information, analyzing, and drawing conclusions. This is what the nurse will be doing when assessing and analyzing family history data. Answers A, C, and D were not examples of critical thinking but rather examples of care being provided