Entc 206- Test 2 questions and answers graded A+ passed

Entc 206- Test 2Polymer - correct answer is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass made up of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. Synthetic - correct answer describing a substance that has been made artificially thru chemical synthesis; one that does not come from a natural source. Synthetic Polymers - correct answer Fiber, Plastics, Elastomers (or Rubber), protective Coating, Adhesives. What raw material are polymers made from? - correct answer Crude oil or Natural gas. are mixtures of various saturated hydrocarbons (HCs) Manufacturing processes of polymers from crude oil. - correct answer Fractional Distillation, Cracking, reforming and/ or Alteration,Polymerization. Fractional Distillation - correct answer Physical separation of crude oil into individual HC or a mixture of a few HCs Cracking, Reforming, and/or Alteration - correct answer Make monomers from HCs; further refining of saturated Hcs into unsaturated HCs. Polymerization - correct answer a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three dimensional networks of polymer chains. Crude oil is a mixture of what? - correct answer Hydrocarbons- HCs what is crude oil's percentages? - correct answer Paraffins (25%) Naphthenes (cycloalkanes) (50%) Aromatics (17%) and other non-HCs. elements or compounds of Crude Oil - correct answer Carbon 84% Hydrogen 14% Sulfur 1-3% Nitorgen, Oxygen, Metals and salt (1%) Cracking - correct answer is the process that breaks down complex or heavy hydrocarbons into simpler or lighter ones by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds using the combinations of heat, catalysts, and pressure. what is separated by distillation first? - correct answer Ethane is the first separated by distillation from crude oil. Then ethane is cracked by high temperature steam into ethylene, the monomer for polyethylene. Paraffins (alkanes, aliphatics) - correct answer are SATURATED hydrocarbons where all c-c bonds are SINGLE bonds. Natural HCs Methane (CH4) ethane (C2H6) Naphthenes(cycloalkane) - correct answer carbon atoms are arranged in a ring all c-c bonds are single bonds. Aromatics - correct answer Ringed structures with double bonds. (from crude oil) Natural HCs Benzene(C6H6) Toluene (C7H8) Olefins (alkenes) - correct answer are synthetic plastic monomers and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon to carbon double bond. ethylene (C2H4) Propylene (C3H6) Dienes( Diolefins) - correct answer Synthetic Rubber Monomer, contains two double bonds. Butadiene (C4H6) Isoprene (C5H8)