AAB MT Exam Chem Urinalysis & Body Fluids 158 questions and answers

What consists of the gross renal anatomy? Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra What is the anatomy of the Nephron? Glomerulus. proximal convoluted tubule, descending Loop of Henle, Ascending Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. What are the 3 primary functions of the kidneys? Glomerulur Filtration, Tubular Reabsorption, and Tubular Secretion True or False: Cells are filtered through the glomerulus? False What is the GFR? Volume of blood filtered per minute. What does the glomerulus filter? The Blood The fluid that is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus travels to where? The nephron The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs what? Sodium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Water. The proximal convoluted tubule secretes what? Hydrogen Ions, Urea, Creatinine, and Uric Acid. What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle? To reabsorb water, sodium, and chloride. What is the function of aldosterone in the Distal Convoluted Tubule? To increase Sodium re-absorption. Where is aldosterone produced? In the adrenal cortex Where is the final site for urine concentration? Collecting Duct What is the function of antidiuretic hormone? To act on the collecting ducts and stimulate water reabsorption. Where is antidiuretic hormone stored? The Posterior Pituitary What is produced by the kidney? Renin, Prostaglandins, and Erythropoietin. The kidney is the target tissue for what? Aldosterone and Antidiuretic Hormone What is the most preferred urine collected? First morning specimen What is the most common urine specimens? Random Specimens First morning urine specimens must be examined when? Within 1 hour of collection What happens to a urine sample after one hour? The bacteria multiplies, false positives for Nitrate, pH becomes alkaline, casts disintegrate, and red cells are lysed. The physical examination of urine includes? Color, appearance, odor, and specific gravity. Urine color, correlates with what? Concentration Dark yellow urine is ___________________? Concentrated Light yellow urine is _______________? Diluted What makes urine yellow? Urochrome What causes a dark yellow/amber/orange color in urine? Concentration, bilirubin, and pyridium What causes urine to be red in color? Hemoglobin and red blood cells. What causes urine to be blackish brown? Homogentistic Acid Urine appearance may be reported? Clear, Hazy, Cloudy, or Turbid What are common causes of hazy, cloudy, or turbid urine specimens? Bacteria, hematuria, mucus, or amorphous crystals. A freshly voided urine should have what type of odor? Aromatic Oder A patient with diabetes mellitus may have a urine with what type of odor? Fruity Odor A patient with a urinary tract infection may have a urine with what type of odor? Ammonia-like Odor A patient with Maple syrup disease may have a urine with what type of odor? Maple Syrup Odor What three methods are often used to determine the specific gravity of urine? Automated method, Reagent strip method, and Refractometer. What is the most common method for determining the specific gravity of urine? Automated Method What is the normal range of specific gravity of urine? 1.003-1.030 What is the clinical significance of a decreased specific gravity of urine? Diabetes insipidus What is the clinical significance of an increased specific gravity of urine? Diabetes mellitus and X-ray contrast media