SCIE 326 Units 9-15 |76 Questions and Answers Complete 100% verified

Prinicpal of Non Contradiction - Every statement with a contradiction is considered false Principal of Sufficient Reason - There needs to be sufficient reason as to why a fact is true or false Principals of the identity of Indiscernibles - If two things cannot be distinguished from each other, then they are considered identical The Law of Identity - Things in the world have an identity that can be defined, and once its defined it cannot be changed in further discussion What's the definition of an essence? - That which must have order to be entitled to its name Top-down - begins with a complete system, and we assume the parts of the system and its functions are the reason for its components and behaviours Bottom-up - Begins with basic components and builds a system out of the components and its interactions Deduction (categorical inference) - Valid syllogisms, begins with the universal concept and then its premises Induction (statistical inference) - Logical reasoning, logical conclusion Abduction (inference to the best explanation) - Trying to determine what possible explanation gives the best fit Structural Explanations - Give reasons for why a system's property is that way due to its fit in the overall systemFunctional Explanations -Why the system in terms of its functions of that system must fulfil within its environment