Psychology Human Growth and Development| 80 questions and answers

What are the 5 characteristics of development? Multidirectional, multicultural, multidisciplinary, multicontextual, plasticity. Development is characterized by growth and decline. (5 characteristics) Multidirectional Development consists of many aspects: biological, cognitive, and Psychosocial. (5 characteristics) Multidisciplinary Differences in families, neighborhoods, cultures, and even time periods affect development. (5 characteristics.) Multicontextual In one study, the reasoning abilities of older adults were improved through retraining. (5 characteristics) Plasticity Heidi was born native to the United States but her family is from a small town in Germany. Even though she lives in a different country her _______ still remains German. Ethnicity (multicultural) Because Titania has dark skin and dark hair and speaks spanish, in school people group her with the "Hispanics" due to her physical features. This is an example of.. Race (multicultural) Samantha and Caitlin were both in the 3rd grade when the 9/11 attack happnend, thus experienced it in the same perspective, Samantha and Caitlin are _________. Cohorts (Multicontextual) Ethnic groups, race and cohorts are all apart of what developmental characteristic? Multicultural Growth and Change within a humans body. Biosocial Development (physical) (Multidisciplinary) Timmy is now able to hold on to his bottle without the help of mommy. This is an example of what type of development? Biosocial development (Multidisciplinary) The ideas, beliefs,and mental processes of a person is part of what type of development? Cognitive (Multidisciplinary) Before deciding on which scholarship to choose from, Sydney weighs the pros, and cons of each school. This is part of what type of development? Cognitive (Multidisciplinary) The development of emotions, social skills, and temperament. All of these are influenced by the environment including; family, friends, culture, and the community. This is what type of development? Psychosocial (Multidisciplinary) Early on in life girls learn to play with dolls and boys learn to play with trucks. This is due to which developmental theory? Psychosocial (Multidisciplinary) The brains ability to recognize its own self and make new neural connections. Neuroplasticity (plasticity) What you are born with, including genetics, DNA, ect.. Nature Your surroundings, your influences, the world around you. Nurture The variable in the experiment that is being manipulated or changed by the experimenter. Independent Variable A researcher wants to know if the time of day will affect the grades on a test. Name the independent and dependent variable. IV: The time of day DV: Grade on the test The measured variable that is dependent on the IV Dependent Variable The group that is receiving the manipulation or change conducted by the experimenter. Experimental group The group that undergoes no change, placebo, remains constant. Control Group Psychoanalytic Theory Based on childhood experiences, repressed feelings, unconscious drives and motives. Freud/Erikson The idea that the mouth is the pleasure center of the body at age birth to 1 year, is an idea presented by and is what stage of his theory? Freud/ Oral The idea that the anus is the pleasure center of the body at age 1-3, suggesting that toilet training is crucial during this period is the idea of ______ and is what stage of his theory? Freud/ Anal Thought processes, ideas, beliefs, perceptions are all apart of which grand theory? Cognitive The first stage of Piaget's cognitive theory? Sensorimotor (0-2) The basic use of senses and motor abilities. Sensorimotor (0-2) Cognitive Equilibrium The state of mental balance If cognitive equilibrium is ever threatened how would you gain it back? Through assimilation and accommodation (adaptation) Adaptation Allows us to reach cognitive equilibrium Taking new information and making it fit into our existing ideas. Assimilation Accommodation Change existing ideas to ACCOMMODATE new ideas Our actions define what grand theory in psychology? Behaviorism Socioculture Customs and tools society provides for development. Genes + Environment Epigeneitic Chromosome 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, each chromosome has DNA, makes proteins Gene A section of a chromosome and the basic unit for the transmission of heredity. Gamete Egg and Sperm Zygote The single cell formed from the fusing of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum. The naturally occurring termination of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is fully developed Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) The intentional termination of a pregnancy Abortion Genotype What you are born with but don't always display Phenotype Observational characteristics of a person including, personality, hair color eye color, and all other traits. Carrier A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. Epigeneitics Environmental factors that affect genes Monozygotic twins Identical twins, same embryonic sac Dizygotic twins Fraternal twins, separate embryonic sacs Down Syndrome Extra Chromosome in the 21st position.Trisomy 21 Tourette syndrome Uncontrollable tics and outbursts, usually starts around age 5 Fragile X syndrome a genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the rest of it by a very thin string of molecules, caused by too many repetitions of a particular part of a gene's code. Huntington's Disease Fatal central nervous system disorder First 14 days of pregnancy is what stage? Germinal 3rd through 8th week of pregnancy is what stage? Embryonic All major organs and body parts except sex organs develop during which stage of pregnancy? Embryonic From 9th week until birth is what stage of pregnancy? Fetal What is the age of viability? 22 weeks after conception, fetus can survive outside of the womb with proper medical attention. APGAR scale A-appearance P-pulse G-grimace A-activity R-respiratory A- appearance Color P- pulse Heart rate G-grimace reflexes A- activity Muscle tone R- respiratory respiratory effort Not enough oxygen in the blood results in. Anoxia