Pediatric Nursing Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

Infant: Erikson Stage - Answer trust vs mistrust Toddler: Erikson Stage - Answer autonomy vs shame Preschooler: Erikson Stage - Answer initiative vs guilt School Ager: Erickson Stage - Answer industry vs inferiority Adolescent: Erikson Stage - Answer ego identity vs roll confusion What is the major goal of pediatric nursing? - Answer To improve the quality of healthcare for children and their families Pediatric nursing involves the practice of ___________ health care. - Answer preventative An infant who is 6 months of age should have ________ his or her body weight - Answer doubled In which state of nutrition is lead-poisoning worse? - Answer Anemia Motor development of a normal 6-month old. - Answer Can transfer objects from one hand to another By _________ to ______ months of age, head control is well established. - Answer 4 to 6 Blood-lead level of < 5 - Answer reassess or rescreen 1 year, unless exposure status changes Blood-lead level > 70 - Answer IMMEDIATELY provide medical treatment and begin coordination of care, clinical management, environmental investigation, and lead hazard control What is Chelation therapy? - Answer use of a chemical compound that combines with the metal poisoning for rapid and safe excretion What two agents have been used for chelation therapy? - Answer calcium disodium edetate (IM) and succimer (19 day oral tx) What are important nursing interventions with chelation therapy? - Answer - renal, hepatic, and hematologic patterns should be monitored - adequate hydration is essential because chelates are excreted via the kidney The infant is in Erikson's stage of developing a sense of trust. What are the crucial elements for achievement of this task? - Answer Infant needs care, familiarity, comfort and nourishment. Consistency and responsiveness is essential for trust development How are chelation agents administered? - Answer Deeply into large muscle mass How can a nurse decrease the amount of pain of chelation therapy (injections)? - Answer - Distraction - local anesthetic - Separation anxiety begins between ________ and __________ months. - Answer 4 and 8 What are the infant's first means of verbal communication? - Answer crying At what age can an infant ascribe meaning to a word? - Answer 10 or 11 months For infants, stimulation (in the form of play) is as important for ___________ growth as food is for biological growth. - Answer cognitive What is the cut-off for putting an infant on their back to sleep? - Answer 1 year To prevent SIDs, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that healthy infants be placed in the __________ position to sleep. - Answer supine; "on their backs" Some studies have found that _______________ in infants is a protective factor against the occurrence of SIDS. - Answer immunizations What period of time defines toddlerhood? - Answer 12 to 36 months The toddler has a less well-developed abdominal musculature and short legs, giving him or her a(n) ____________ appearance. - Answer Potbellied If a mom is breastfeeding, how long should she wait to introduce the pacifier? - Answer 3-4 weeks T or F: The respiratory and heart rates and the blood pressure increase during the toddler years. - Answer False One of the prominent changes in the GI system during the toddler period is the voluntary control of _______________. - Answer Elimination What has help reduce the risk of plagiocephaly (flattened skull) in infants? - Answer Tummy Time The physiologic ability to control the sphincters probably occurs between ages _________ and __________ months. - Answer 18 and 24 The major cause of death for children over the age of 1 year is _______. - Answer unintentional injuries/accidents Negativism (toddlers) - Answer The attempt by children to express their will by saying "no" Ritualism (toddlers) - Answer The need to provide sameness and normality in the toddler's environment T or F: Preschoolers increasingly use language without comprehending the meaning of words, particularly concepts of left and right, casualty, and time. - Answer True The preschool years range from ______ to ______ years of age. - Answer 3 to 5 yrs According to Piaget, ________ becomes the child's way of understanding, adjusting to, and working out life's experiences. - Answer Play Why are preschoolers' thinking is often magical? - Answer Because of their egocentrism and transductive reasoning; they believe their thoughts are all powerful Why are young children especially vulnerable to stress? - Answer limited capacity to cope What action should parents take if the exact quantity or type of ingested toxin is not known? - Answer Call poison control/contact emergency services List the 3 principles of emergency treatment following the ingestion of toxin agents. - Answer 1. Assessment 2. Gastric Decontamination 3. Prevention of Reoccurrence What is the first and most important principle in dealing with a poisoning? - Answer Treat the patient, not the poison ____________ is no longer recommended for immediate treatment of poison ingestion. - Answer Ipecac; it induces vomiting which could lead to aspiration Why are young children at risk for lead poisoning? - Answer High level of hand-to-mouth activity The most frequent source of acute childhood lead poisoning is deteriorating ________ in older home or lead contaiminated ____________ in the yard. - Answer lead-based paint; soil List the risk factors for having high blood lead levels. (5) - Answer - Hispanic - poverty - <6 years old - dwelling in urban areas - living in older homes The _______ system is the most at risk for being damaged when young children are exposed to lead. - Answer neurologic What are some of the long-term neurocognitive signs in lead poisoning? - Answer - developmental delays - lowered IQ - reading skills deficits - visual-spacial problems - visual-motor problems -learning disabilities - effects on physical growth and efficiency At what age do infants begin cruising? - Answer 8-11 months What is cruising? - Answer shuffling along while holding onto furniture What is head lag? - Answer when you try to pull a baby from a lying down to a sitting up position When does a child usually start to walk? - Answer 9 - 12 months (usually 12) What are some acute signs of lead poisoning? - Answer - N/V - Constipation - anorexia - abdominal pain - hypophosphatemia -glycoscouria - aminoaciduria What is the most important nursing goal related to lead poisoning? - Answer prevention of initial or further poisoning Physiologically, the middle years begin with the shedding of _____________ and end at puberty, with the acquisition of the final __________________. - Answer deciduous tooth; permanent teeth The average age of puberty in girls is _________. - Answer 10 What is the average age of puberty for boys? - Answer 12 Describe the younger school age (6 or 7 year) child's perception of rules and judgement actions. - Answer Interpret accidents and misfortunes as punishment for misdeeds What is one of the most important socializing agents in the school aged years? - Answer friends What is the second most important socializing agent in children? (after the family) - Answer school What can contribute to bullying? - Answer poor relationships with peers and lack of group identification When does bullying most frequently occur? - Answer unstructured school time (recess, gym, hallways, bus, lunch) When does adolescence begin and end? - Answer begins with the appearance of secondary characteristics (11 or 12) and ends with cessation of body growth (18 or 20) What assessment tool is used to determine maturity level based on sex characteristics and stages of genital development? - Answer Tanner Stages What are the first pubescent changes in boys? - Answer testicular enlargement and initial appearance of pubic hair