,Chapter 1—History, Theories, and Methods
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as:
a. innately good. c. a tabula rasa.
b. innately evil. d. an exclusive product of genetics
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
2. Which thinker suggested that children are born as a "tabula rasa?"
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Alfred Binet
b. John Locke d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
3. Which thinker suggested that children are innately good?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Alfred Binet
b. John Locke d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
4. The concept of a “tabula rasa” suggests that children:
a. are born innately good.
b. are born innately evil.
c. are influenced by their experiences.
d. are born with all that they need for survival.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
5. _____ suggested that children would develop into generous and moral individuals if they were left to
their natural tendencies.
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Alfred Binet
b. John Locke d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
6. During the 20th century, children:
a. received greater legal protections than during other periods of history.
b. tended to get married younger than during previous centuries.
c. were considered the property of their parents and therefore not protected by the law from
physical and sexual abuse.
, d. experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
7. During the Industrial Revolution, the notion of “family life”:
a. was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. grew to include a broader range of family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. was narrowed to include just the nuclear family, which included only parents and their
children.
d. shrank to include only one child per family.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
8. The idea of “childhood” as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease and play for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. declined throughout the 20th century.
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this
time.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
9. The purpose of the first intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
10. __________ psychology is the discipline that studies the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional
growth of human beings over time.
a. Personality c. Social
b. Developmental d. Multicultural
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
11. Lucinda wants to study a field where she will delve into different domains of growth in human beings,
including social cognitive, physical, and emotional changes. Lucinda should consider pursuing a
degree in ________.
a. developmental psychology c. psychometrics
b. sociology d. clinical psychology
, ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Application
12. According to the ________ perspective views human development as occurring throughout the
individual’s lifetime.
a. continuous c. classical
b. categorical d. lifespan
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE:
13. Who is quoted as saying, "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world
to bring them up in, and I'll guarantee to train them to become any type of specialist I might
suggest…"
a. John Watson c. Jean Piaget
b. B.F. Skinner d. John Locke
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Factual
14. John Watson’s behaviorism and John Locke’s concept of the “tabula rasa”:
a. both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one’s development.
b. both suggest that one’s genetic endowment determines one’s ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. both suggest that experience determines one’s ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
15. With which of the following perspectives of child development is Arnold Gesell credited?
a. Children are inherently evil.
b. Children are inherently good.
c. Biological maturation is the main principle of development.
d. Environment is the main principle of development.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Factual
16. John Watson’s behaviorism came down on the side of _____, while Arnold Gesell’s maturational
perspective came down on the side of _____.
a. nature; nurture c. biology; genetics
b. nurture; nature d. environment; learning
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
17. John Watson’s approach to development focused primarily on _____, while Arnold Gesell’s
perspective focused mainly on _____.
a. behavior patterns; physical aspects of growth and development
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as:
a. innately good. c. a tabula rasa.
b. innately evil. d. an exclusive product of genetics
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
2. Which thinker suggested that children are born as a "tabula rasa?"
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Alfred Binet
b. John Locke d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
3. Which thinker suggested that children are innately good?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Alfred Binet
b. John Locke d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
4. The concept of a “tabula rasa” suggests that children:
a. are born innately good.
b. are born innately evil.
c. are influenced by their experiences.
d. are born with all that they need for survival.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
5. _____ suggested that children would develop into generous and moral individuals if they were left to
their natural tendencies.
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau c. Alfred Binet
b. John Locke d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
6. During the 20th century, children:
a. received greater legal protections than during other periods of history.
b. tended to get married younger than during previous centuries.
c. were considered the property of their parents and therefore not protected by the law from
physical and sexual abuse.
, d. experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
7. During the Industrial Revolution, the notion of “family life”:
a. was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. grew to include a broader range of family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. was narrowed to include just the nuclear family, which included only parents and their
children.
d. shrank to include only one child per family.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
8. The idea of “childhood” as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease and play for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. declined throughout the 20th century.
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this
time.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
9. The purpose of the first intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
10. __________ psychology is the discipline that studies the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional
growth of human beings over time.
a. Personality c. Social
b. Developmental d. Multicultural
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Factual
11. Lucinda wants to study a field where she will delve into different domains of growth in human beings,
including social cognitive, physical, and emotional changes. Lucinda should consider pursuing a
degree in ________.
a. developmental psychology c. psychometrics
b. sociology d. clinical psychology
, ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE: Application
12. According to the ________ perspective views human development as occurring throughout the
individual’s lifetime.
a. continuous c. classical
b. categorical d. lifespan
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1-1 The Development of the Study of
OBJ: 1-1 MSC: TYPE:
13. Who is quoted as saying, "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world
to bring them up in, and I'll guarantee to train them to become any type of specialist I might
suggest…"
a. John Watson c. Jean Piaget
b. B.F. Skinner d. John Locke
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Factual
14. John Watson’s behaviorism and John Locke’s concept of the “tabula rasa”:
a. both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one’s development.
b. both suggest that one’s genetic endowment determines one’s ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. both suggest that experience determines one’s ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
15. With which of the following perspectives of child development is Arnold Gesell credited?
a. Children are inherently evil.
b. Children are inherently good.
c. Biological maturation is the main principle of development.
d. Environment is the main principle of development.
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Factual
16. John Watson’s behaviorism came down on the side of _____, while Arnold Gesell’s maturational
perspective came down on the side of _____.
a. nature; nurture c. biology; genetics
b. nurture; nature d. environment; learning
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1-2 Theories of Development
OBJ: 1-2 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual
17. John Watson’s approach to development focused primarily on _____, while Arnold Gesell’s
perspective focused mainly on _____.
a. behavior patterns; physical aspects of growth and development
