Fluid And Electrolyte Practice Exam with Questions and Answers

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing possible third spacing. A delay in recognizing and treating third spacing can lead to what client complication? A. Peripheral edema B. Nausea and vomiting C. Multi-organ system failure D. Confusion - ANSWER C The nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory tests. What laboratory value indicates that the client is experiencing fluid volume excess? A. Chloride, 102 mEq/L B. Sodium, 142 mEq/L C. Hemoglobin, 9.9 g/dL D. Serum osmolality, 290 mOsm/kg - ANSWER C The nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. What findings should the client notify his/her health care provider about regarding fluid volume excess? (SATA) A. Dizziness when standing B. Five-pound weight gain in a week C. Urine output of 320 mL in 8 hours D. Dry mouth E. Cough with increased sputum production - ANSWER B, E The nurse is caring for a client experiencing diarrhea. What data indicate that the client is experiencing fluid volume deficit? (SATA) A.Increased heart rate B. Orthostatic hypotension C. Increased urine output D. Poor skin turgor E. Weight gain - ANSWER A, B, D The nurse is caring for a client admitted for renal failure. What assessment findings indicate that the client is experiencing fluid volume excess? (SATA) A. Edema B. Decreased systolic blood pressure C. Poor skin turgor D. Altered mental status E. Orthopnea - ANSWER A, B, E The nurse is observing assigned clients for fluid volume excess. This is essential to prevent clients from developing what potential complication? A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease B. Congestive heart failure C. Acute renal failure D. Pneumonia - ANSWER B The nurse is planning care for a client who has a nasogastric tube and is recovering from abdominal surgery. What interventions will the nurse identify for addressing the problem of ineffective tissue perfusion? (SATA) A. Observing mental status B. Turning the client every 2 hours C. Instructing the client to stand slowly D. Monitoring for evidence of skin breakdown E. Obtaining daily weight - ANSWER A, B, D Clients who have been diagnosed with hypernatremia are at risk for injury. What is an appropriate intervention for the nurse to include in the plan of care for this client? A. Ask the family to keep the client's personal items at home. B. Keep visitors away. C. Keep the bed at waist level. D. Monitor neurologic status. - ANSWER D A client was admitted to the ICU earlier today. The client had an extensive workup revealing a sodium level of 113 mEq/L. The nurse would anticipate the health care provider ordering what intravenous solutions for a client who was symptomatic with this sodium level? A. 3% normal saline B. D5.45 NS C. D5W D. 0.9% NS - ANSWER D A nurse is reviewing lab date of 4 clients. Which of the following serum lab values should the nurse expect for a client experiencing 2+ pitting edema? A. Sodium 138 B. Hematocrit 34% C. BUN 22 D. Protein 9g - ANSWER B A nurse is caring for a client who has dehydration and is receiving IV fluids. When assessing for complications, the nurse should recognize which of the following manifestations as a sign of fluid overload? A. Increased urine specific gravity B. Hypoactive bowel sounds C. Bounding peripheral pulses D. Decreased respiratory rate - ANSWER C A nurse is assessing a client who has respiratory acidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Hypotension B. Peripheral edema C. Facial flushing D. Hyperreflexia - ANSWER A A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving hydrochlorothiazide and notes that the client is confused and lethargic. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider? A. Sodium 128 mEq/L B. Potassium 4.8 mEq/L C. Calcium 9.1 mg/dL D. Magnesium 2.0 mEq/L - ANSWER A A nurse is caring for a client who reports difficulty breathing and tingling in both hands. His respirations are 36/min and he appears very restless. Which of the following values should the nurse anticipate to be outside the expected reference range if the client is experiencing respiratory alkalosis? A. PaO2 B. PaCO2 C. Sodium D. Bicarbonate - ANSWER B A nurse is planning dietary teaching for a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following food choices contains the most magnesium and is, therefore, a food the nurse should plan to instruct the client to avoid? A. Hard-boiled eggs B. Cheddar cheese C. Raw rhubarb D. Raw spinach - ANSWER D A nurse is admitting a client who has status asthmaticus. The client's ABG results are pH 7.32, PaO2 74 mm Hg, PaCO2 56 mm Hg, and HCO3- 26 mEq/L. The nurse should interpret these laboratory values as which of the following imbalances? A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER A A nurse is caring for a client who requires continuous cardiac monitoring. The nurse identifies a prolonged PR interval and a widened QRS complex. Which of the following laboratory values supports this finding? A. Sodium 152 mEq/L B. Chloride 102 mEq/L C. Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L D. Potassium 6.1 mg/L - ANSWER D A nurse is assessing a client who is using PCA following a thoracotomy. The client is short of breath, appears restless, and has respirations of 28/min. The client's ABG results are pH 7.52, PaO2 89 mm Hg, PaCO2 28 mm Hg, and HCO3- 24 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Instruct the client to cough forcefully. B. Assist the client with ambulation. C. Provide calming interventions. D. Discontinue the PCA. - ANSWER C