IB History: Paper 2
Five Causes for Expansion in Japan>>> nationalism, militarism, political instability of China and political
and economic impact of the Great Depression
How did the philosophy of Feudal Japan contribute to the rise of nationalism?>>> Contributed to the
nationalist attitude by having the Japanese people believe that Japan was the chosen land.
How did the opening of Japan in 1867 contribute to the rise of nationalism?>>> Focus on the Emperor
of Japan with the sonno joi movement as well as the fukoku kyohei movement (enrich the country,
strenght the military)
What is Fukoku Kyohei?>>> Movement that focused on enriching the country and strengthening the
military
How was nationalism increased under the Meiji Restoration? (Education)>>> Education taught that the
Emperor was from the Sun goddess
List the Three Major Wars that Japan fought>>> - Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
- Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- First world war (1914-1918)
List 3 treaties or events that show Japan's mistreatment>>> 1985 the triple intervention where Japan
was forced to give back the Liaodong Peninsula
Japan was not granted all the German concessions after world war one even though they fought on the
side of the Triple Entente
Racial Equality clause in the League of Nations was voted down
List the four main causes of the rise in nationalism>>> Sonno joi and fukoku kyohei movements
Mistreatment by the west after wars
Philosophy of feudal Japan
Education teachings of the superiority of Japan
,How did the Meiji Restoration impact the rise in militarism?>>> Japan sought to make herself a world
power
- She needed the military strengthened in order to expand and gain resources
Aftermath of the first world war and how it impacted the rise of militarism>>> World restrictions on
immigration and good bred further resentment and a drive for Japan to become self sufficient
Impact of Great Depression on the rise of militarism>>> Convinced the leaders of Japan that they
needed to secure greater monopolies on raw resources and commence in order to preserve the integrity
of Japan. EXPANSION
Why was the political instability in China a cause for Japanese expansion?>>> Political turmoil made
China appear as an easy target
List all Events in China that occurred from 1900-1918>>> 1900: Boxer Rebellion:
1911: Double Ten Revolution
1912-1916: Yuan Shi Kai rule
1914-1918: World War One
1916-1927: The Warlord Period
1900: China>>> Boxer Rebellion: Anti-foreign and anti-imperialist movement
1911: China>>> Double Ten Revolution: Nationalist revolution that resulted in the fall of the Manchu
dynasty and a new government headed by Sun Yat Sen
1912-1916: China>>> Yuan Shi Kai rule: Betrayed Sun's three principles: Nationalism, Democracy and
People's Livelihood
1914-1918: China>>> World War One: After aiding the war, the Treaty of Versailles ignored China's
contributions and did not meet their expectations of expelling the Japanese
1919: China>>> May 4th Movement: Caused by the lack of recognition of China after the Treaty of
Versailles
List the events from 1921-1937>>> 1921: The Chinese Communist Party is founded
1923: The First United Front
1925: Northern Campaign
1927: White Terror/Shanghai Massacre
1931-1934: Five extermination campaigns
,1934: Long March
1936: Kidnapping of Chiang Kai Shek and beginning of the Second United Front
1937: Japanese invasion of China and start of WW2 in Asia
What did the disorder of the five extermination campaigns allow for Japan to do?>>> Allowed the
Japanese forces to cross over from Manchuria into China and several northern provinces
How many Chinese provinces did Japan hold by 1936?>>> several
What was one reason for the Japanese to invade China in 1937?>>> Fear that the unity due to the
Second United Front would threatened Japan's hold over the northern territories in China
How did the Great Depression economically impact Japan? (imports wise)>>> Japan was not self-
sufficient and relied on imports for natural resources
How did the Great Depression economically impact Japan? (exports wise)>>> Economy mainly relied on
exports which drastically decreased
Between 1929-31 what happened to Japan's exports?>>> They dropped by 50%
How did the Great Depression economically impact Japan? (Overpopulation)>>> increased poverty and
inadequate distribution of food
What were the three main economic impacts of the Great Depression>>> Overpopulation
Decreased Inports
Decreased Exports
Political Impact of the Great Depression (assassination)>>> Assassination of prime minister Inukai
Peasants in rural areas were angered by the lack of development
International boycott of Japanese goods resulted in what>>> increase in nationalism and support for
expansion in order to support herself
May Fourth Movement>>> A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign
influence.
1928 Land Law>>> In the Jiangxi Soviet the CCP saw landlords and wealthy gentry have their land taken
away for them and redistributed to peasants.
The Futian Incident>>> dec 1930- jan 1931
-thousands of CCP members were tortured or executed allegedly because they were GMD agents
The White Terror>>> aka as Cole Matson
, Shanghai August 1927
-ended first united front by ordering massacre of CCP and trade unionists
Nanjing Decade>>> 1927-37, during this time the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek sought to
implement their form of government while suppressing the communist guerilla armies, who had been
expelled from the United Front.
Jiangxi Soviet>>> Major communist base in southeast China, Mao started to build his strategies within
this group
Red Army>>> aka as the PLA
mao's men, communists
The Long March>>> (1934-1936) cross-country trek led by Mao Zedong as Chiang Kai-chek's nationalist
army pursued
-strengthened mao's leadership position due to propaganda
Crossing the Luding Bridge>>> GMD damaged bridge so CCP couldn't cross. Volunteers crossed,
defeated them, fixed bridge so CCP could cross. Huge morale booster for CCP.
Huai-hai Campaign>>> CCP switched back to conventional warfare that showed the lack of organization
the nationalists had.
Final stage of revolution to attack and gain support.
Pingjin Campaign>>> PLA attack on the Northern Chinese Plain in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin . This
was the last PLA campaign at the end of the war that marked the end of Nationalist dominance
Xinhai Revolution>>> -overthrow of China's last imperial dynsaty Wing established the ROC
-turning point was the Wuchang Uprising on October 10th 1911 as a result of the mishandling of the
Railway Protection Movement
1st Chinese Civil War>>> military struggle for control of China waged between the Nationalists
(Kuomintang) under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists under Mao.
2nd Chinese Civil War>>> second phase to chinese civil war, still between the same two parties but
turned into a much more of an international affair since it took place during the start of the cold war and
both the US and the USSR wanted some kind of control in china and a weakened japan
Five Causes for Expansion in Japan>>> nationalism, militarism, political instability of China and political
and economic impact of the Great Depression
How did the philosophy of Feudal Japan contribute to the rise of nationalism?>>> Contributed to the
nationalist attitude by having the Japanese people believe that Japan was the chosen land.
How did the opening of Japan in 1867 contribute to the rise of nationalism?>>> Focus on the Emperor
of Japan with the sonno joi movement as well as the fukoku kyohei movement (enrich the country,
strenght the military)
What is Fukoku Kyohei?>>> Movement that focused on enriching the country and strengthening the
military
How was nationalism increased under the Meiji Restoration? (Education)>>> Education taught that the
Emperor was from the Sun goddess
List the Three Major Wars that Japan fought>>> - Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
- Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
- First world war (1914-1918)
List 3 treaties or events that show Japan's mistreatment>>> 1985 the triple intervention where Japan
was forced to give back the Liaodong Peninsula
Japan was not granted all the German concessions after world war one even though they fought on the
side of the Triple Entente
Racial Equality clause in the League of Nations was voted down
List the four main causes of the rise in nationalism>>> Sonno joi and fukoku kyohei movements
Mistreatment by the west after wars
Philosophy of feudal Japan
Education teachings of the superiority of Japan
,How did the Meiji Restoration impact the rise in militarism?>>> Japan sought to make herself a world
power
- She needed the military strengthened in order to expand and gain resources
Aftermath of the first world war and how it impacted the rise of militarism>>> World restrictions on
immigration and good bred further resentment and a drive for Japan to become self sufficient
Impact of Great Depression on the rise of militarism>>> Convinced the leaders of Japan that they
needed to secure greater monopolies on raw resources and commence in order to preserve the integrity
of Japan. EXPANSION
Why was the political instability in China a cause for Japanese expansion?>>> Political turmoil made
China appear as an easy target
List all Events in China that occurred from 1900-1918>>> 1900: Boxer Rebellion:
1911: Double Ten Revolution
1912-1916: Yuan Shi Kai rule
1914-1918: World War One
1916-1927: The Warlord Period
1900: China>>> Boxer Rebellion: Anti-foreign and anti-imperialist movement
1911: China>>> Double Ten Revolution: Nationalist revolution that resulted in the fall of the Manchu
dynasty and a new government headed by Sun Yat Sen
1912-1916: China>>> Yuan Shi Kai rule: Betrayed Sun's three principles: Nationalism, Democracy and
People's Livelihood
1914-1918: China>>> World War One: After aiding the war, the Treaty of Versailles ignored China's
contributions and did not meet their expectations of expelling the Japanese
1919: China>>> May 4th Movement: Caused by the lack of recognition of China after the Treaty of
Versailles
List the events from 1921-1937>>> 1921: The Chinese Communist Party is founded
1923: The First United Front
1925: Northern Campaign
1927: White Terror/Shanghai Massacre
1931-1934: Five extermination campaigns
,1934: Long March
1936: Kidnapping of Chiang Kai Shek and beginning of the Second United Front
1937: Japanese invasion of China and start of WW2 in Asia
What did the disorder of the five extermination campaigns allow for Japan to do?>>> Allowed the
Japanese forces to cross over from Manchuria into China and several northern provinces
How many Chinese provinces did Japan hold by 1936?>>> several
What was one reason for the Japanese to invade China in 1937?>>> Fear that the unity due to the
Second United Front would threatened Japan's hold over the northern territories in China
How did the Great Depression economically impact Japan? (imports wise)>>> Japan was not self-
sufficient and relied on imports for natural resources
How did the Great Depression economically impact Japan? (exports wise)>>> Economy mainly relied on
exports which drastically decreased
Between 1929-31 what happened to Japan's exports?>>> They dropped by 50%
How did the Great Depression economically impact Japan? (Overpopulation)>>> increased poverty and
inadequate distribution of food
What were the three main economic impacts of the Great Depression>>> Overpopulation
Decreased Inports
Decreased Exports
Political Impact of the Great Depression (assassination)>>> Assassination of prime minister Inukai
Peasants in rural areas were angered by the lack of development
International boycott of Japanese goods resulted in what>>> increase in nationalism and support for
expansion in order to support herself
May Fourth Movement>>> A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign
influence.
1928 Land Law>>> In the Jiangxi Soviet the CCP saw landlords and wealthy gentry have their land taken
away for them and redistributed to peasants.
The Futian Incident>>> dec 1930- jan 1931
-thousands of CCP members were tortured or executed allegedly because they were GMD agents
The White Terror>>> aka as Cole Matson
, Shanghai August 1927
-ended first united front by ordering massacre of CCP and trade unionists
Nanjing Decade>>> 1927-37, during this time the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek sought to
implement their form of government while suppressing the communist guerilla armies, who had been
expelled from the United Front.
Jiangxi Soviet>>> Major communist base in southeast China, Mao started to build his strategies within
this group
Red Army>>> aka as the PLA
mao's men, communists
The Long March>>> (1934-1936) cross-country trek led by Mao Zedong as Chiang Kai-chek's nationalist
army pursued
-strengthened mao's leadership position due to propaganda
Crossing the Luding Bridge>>> GMD damaged bridge so CCP couldn't cross. Volunteers crossed,
defeated them, fixed bridge so CCP could cross. Huge morale booster for CCP.
Huai-hai Campaign>>> CCP switched back to conventional warfare that showed the lack of organization
the nationalists had.
Final stage of revolution to attack and gain support.
Pingjin Campaign>>> PLA attack on the Northern Chinese Plain in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin . This
was the last PLA campaign at the end of the war that marked the end of Nationalist dominance
Xinhai Revolution>>> -overthrow of China's last imperial dynsaty Wing established the ROC
-turning point was the Wuchang Uprising on October 10th 1911 as a result of the mishandling of the
Railway Protection Movement
1st Chinese Civil War>>> military struggle for control of China waged between the Nationalists
(Kuomintang) under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists under Mao.
2nd Chinese Civil War>>> second phase to chinese civil war, still between the same two parties but
turned into a much more of an international affair since it took place during the start of the cold war and
both the US and the USSR wanted some kind of control in china and a weakened japan
