Family Nurse Practitioner exam |46 questions with 100% correct answers

What are some normal factors causing reflux in infants? 1. small stomach capicity 2. overfeed large volumes 3. short esophageal length 4. supine position 5. slow swallowing response What are NOT causes of GERD in infants 1. Low pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter 2. developmental immaturity What are the S/S of pyloric stenosis? 1. Non bilious projectile vomitting 2. ABD distention after feeding 3. "olive" type mass in upper quadrant on deep palpation 4. n/v wt loss and dehydration 5. prominent peristalsis waves from left to right may be seen. what Imagery testing should be done if you suspect pyloric stenosis? Barium upper GI and ABD ultrasound When is antiviral TX for influenza recomended? whithin 48 hours of symptoms What are some diagnosis criteria for Kawasaki's DX? 1. Fever for more than 5 days 2. bilateral, painless, non exudative conjunctivitis 3. Cervical lymphadenopathy 4. Polymorphus Exanthema 5. Extremity changes(redness and swelling of hands and feet). 6. Lips, tongue are red, chapped and swollen (strawberry tongue). What is the treatment of Kawasaki's DX? and why? 1. IV immunoglobulin 2. High dose ASA therapy decreases the incidence of coronary artery dilation and aneurysm. Describe the PICR in Koch's postulates Present in evey case of disease Isolated and grown in pure culture Causes disease when taken from pure culture & injected into host. Reisolated from host. what is the average age group effected by pyloric stenosis? 2 to 12 weeks of age Give some examples of Primary health promotion and prevention practices Education, Diet, Immunizations, seat belts, helmet use, Define Secondary Health Promotion/Prevention Activities provided to identify and treat asymptomatic persons who have risk factors for a given disease. Define Primary Health Promotion/Prevention Activities provided to individuals to prevent the onset or acquisition of a given disease in order to spare individuals the suffering, burden, and cost. Give some Examples of Secondary Health promotion/prevention practices 1. Screening exams: colonoscopy, mammogram, Pap test, etc. 2. Screening for clinical conditions during an asymptomatic period such as Labs (lipid profile) or BP screen. Define Tertiary Prevention/Promotion Measures that are part of the management of a person with an established disease to minimize disease associated complications. Give some examples of Tertiary Prevention/Promotion Medications lifestyle modifications treatment aimed at improving or minimizing disease-related s/s Give some Examples of Microcytic anemia Iron deficiency anemia Thalsemia Give some examples of Macrocytic anemia Pernicious (vit B12) anemia Folic Acid deficiency anemia Name some clinical s/s of Community acquired MRSA tissue infections. 1. Redness 2. Swelling 3. Warmth 4. Pain or tenderness 5. Complaint of "pimple" or "spider bite" that won't go away. What would be the treatment for a skin lesion and systemic MRSA 1. DRAIN and INCISE lesion 2. Antimicrobial therapy with MRSA coverage such as Clindamycin and Doxycycline if pt. is hospitalized Vancomycin and Linezolid with Infectious disease consult . The portion of the influenza virus that sticks to the hosts cell membrane HEMAGGLUTININ The enzymes in a virus that bore holes into the cell membrane of a host cell and allow Hemagglutnin to inject its protein inside. NEURAMINIDASE List some Characteristics of Viruses 1. acellular 2. have either DNA or RNA not both 3. Have to rely on host for protein synthesis and regeneration 4. Inserts itself into host cell and injects genetic matearial. List some characteristics of Bactearia 1. Can live on their own 2. Can synthesize their own DNA and RNA 3. Prokaryotic 4. Needs host to grow and replicate 5. Have cell walls a. gram + thin cell wall b. gram - have thick cell wall How would you treat Phase I GERD? Intermittent mild lifestyle changes OTC meds. list the criteria in order for a pathogen to cause a disease 1. Contact the host (transmission) 2. Colonize, adhere and grow in host 3. Infect the host 4. Evade the host's defense system 4. Damage host tissues physically or chemically. Infections caused as a result of medical procedures which have a good potential to introduce microbes into patient tissues IATROGENIC INFECTION What are some examples of blocking vehicle-mediated transmission? 1. water purification 2. effective cooking 3. prevention of food contamination with infectious agents list some characteristics of Scarlet fever 1. caused by the group B hemolytic Strep pyogene 2. Short incubation period 3. rash caused by endotoxins from Strep 4. usually occurs in kids over 3 years of age 4. spread via droplet transmission 5. DX with throat culture