Family Nurse Practitioner Exam ANCC |350 questions with verified answers

Karposi Sarcoma Characteristic purple areas on the nose in an HIV-positive female. A type of cancer that can form in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs. The skin lesions are usually purple in color. Malodorous single nare Foreign body Retinal Detachment the retina separates from the layer underneath. Symptoms include an increase in the number of floaters, flashes of light, and worsening of the outer part of the visual field. Adolescent with friable nasal turbinates Cocaine use Aphthous ulcer a recurrent round or oval sore or ulcer inside the mouth on an area where the skin is not tightly bound to the underlying bone, such as on the inside of the lips and cheeks or underneath the tongue. Aphthous ulcers can also affect the genitalia in males and females. GERD first line tx h2 then ppi if doesnt work Maxillary Sinusitis Dental pain Kasmaul Triangle Anterior epitaxis Roseola infantum H. fever => small pink dots pink or raised body rash => arms Acne Roscaca "adult acne." most often in adults (30-50 years of age). Unlike acne vulgaris, rosacea is devoid of blackheads and characteristically does not resolve after puberty. Rosacea strikes both sexes and potentially all ages. It tends to be more frequent in women but more severe in men. It is very uncommon in children, and it is less frequent in people with dark skin. Tx with Flagyl AV Nicking HTN, arteries crossing veins Blepharitis commonly occurs when the tiny oil glands of the inner eyelid become inflamed. It often occurs along with other skin conditions or allergies. Symptoms include red, itchy eyelids that may look greasy and crusted. Dry eyes also are a symptom. Treatments include cleaning the eyelids, antibiotic or steroid eye drops and treating underlying conditions. However, blepharitis tends to come back. Hordelum Painful stye it hurts chalazion Non painful lesion to eyelid Cotton Wool Cotton wool spots are an abnormal finding on funduscopic exam of the retina of the eye. They appear as fluffy white patches on the retina. They are caused by damage to nerve fibers and are a result of accumulations of axoplasmic material within the nerve fiber layer. Systemic HTN, DM Herpes Zoster Early signs of shingles include a burning sensation or stabbing pain and tingling or itching on the skin. After a few days, a rash or blisters appear usually on one side of the body or face. When the rash is at its peak, symptoms can range from mild itching to extreme and debilitating pain. Tx within 72 hours Aclovir Retinoblastoma (Rb) Absence of light reflex, it is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. It is the most common primary malignant intraocular cancer in children, and it is almost exclusively found in young children. Seborrheic dermatitis (Dandruff) commonly involves portions of the scalp, brows, mid-face, ears, mid-chest, and mid-back. It is not unusual for it to affect the skin of infants and young children where it often involves the scalp (cradle cap) and the diaper area. Seborrheic dermatitis is also known as seborrhea. Seborrheic Keratosis A seborrhoeic keratosis is a harmless warty spot that appears during adult life as a common sign of skin aging. ... Seborrhoeic keratosis (or seborrheic keratosis, using American spelling) is also called SK, basal cell papilloma, senile wart, brown wart or barnacle. Cupping of disc Intracranial pressure subconjunctival haemorrhage is bleeding underneath the conjunctiva. It can occur after a sudden or severe sneeze or cough, heavy lifting, straining, vomiting or even rubbing one's eyes too roughly. It can also occur as a side effect of eye surgery or blood thinners. The main symptom is a bright red patch in the eye that may spread and then become green or yellow, much like a bruise. Usually it disappears within two weeks. In most cases, no treatment is required for this condition. Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones) A condition where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed "Wharton's duct"). Honey Crusted lesions Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin.The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs.Less commonly there may be large blisters which affect the groin or armpits. The lesions may be painful or itchy. Fever is uncommon. It is typically due to either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Risk factors include attending day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, and breaks in the skin such as from mosquito bites, eczema, scabies, or herpes. With contact it can spread around or between people.Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms. Prevention is by hand washing, avoiding people who are infected, and cleaning injuries. Treatment is typically with antibiotic creams such as mupirocin or fusidic acid. Antibiotics by mouth, such as cephalexin, may be used if large areas are affected. Antibiotic-resistant forms have been found. Mild acne Skin wash retinol benzol moderate acne retinol plus tetracylines oral abx Retinol reaction decrease to 3 times a day Well demarcated cellulitis erysipelas affects the dermis, most commonly on the legs, and tends to be sharply demarcated. Cellulitis, which typically affects the lower legs, involves the subcutaneous fat and is often less well demarcated. ... The diagnosis of cellulitis or erysipelas is usually clinical. polymyalgia rheumatica you feel pain and stiffness in the muscles in your shoulders and upper arms (shoulder girdle) and hips (pelvic girdle). This feeling often comes after you've spent time resting, and is most severe upon wakening from sleep. Fibromyalgia can also cause muscle pain in the same parts of the body. But it's more wide-spread and the pain is more severe. People with fibromyalgia tend to experience other symptoms as well, including: tiredness trouble sleeping memory problems bowel and bladder problems Temporal arteritis is a condition in which the temporal arteries, which supply blood to the head and brain, become inflamed or damaged. It is also known as cranial arteritis or giant cell arteritis. Although this condition usually occurs in the temporal arteries, it can occur in almost any medium to large artery in the body. Temporal arteritis ESR CRP Biopsy Temporal arteritis S/SX double vision sudden, permanent loss of vision in one eye a throbbing headache that's usually in the temples fatigue weakness loss of appetite jaw pain, which sometimes can occur with chewing fever unintentional weight loss shoulder pain, hip pain, and stiffness tenderness in the scalp and temple areas Basal Cell carcinoma Most common form herpes keratosis acute onset, photophobia, blurred vision refer to ophthalmologist Pinworms itching at rectum, worst at noc, scotch tape, also known as enterobiasis Cellulitis worsening Suspect DVD Millia white spots on mouth w/ infants Kawasaki Disease Redeye, strawberry pharnyx, rash on body, edema hands and feet t's most common in infants and young children. Early stages include a rash and fever. Symptoms include high fever and peeling skin. In late stages, there may be inflammation of medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis). It also affects lymph nodes, skin and mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth. Kawasaki disease is usually treatable. Initial treatments include aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy given in a medical facility. Critical: consult a doctor for medical advice varicella chicken pox rash crusted "vesicles" Herald Patch Pityriasis rosea is a viral rash which lasts about 6-12 weeks. It is characterised by a herald patch followed by similar, smaller oval red patches that are located mainly on the chest and back. 3 types of hand rashes FHand mouth, sypillis, RMSD Bulls eye lesion Lymes Disease, Doxy x 21 days Hand Foot Mouth cocsacki virus Syphillis palm of hand, RPR test, tx w/ penicillin Rash on shoulder(body) Tinea Corpius Ringworm azole antifungal Parvola lab slap face, 5ths disease, stay away from pregnant women Koplik spots Measels, Rubeola, The disease spreads through the air by respiratory droplets produced from coughing or sneezing. Measles symptoms don't appear until 10 to 14 days after exposure. They include cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, sore throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. There's no treatment to get rid of an established measles infection, but over-the-counter fever reducers or vitamin A may help with symptoms. Waxy pearly domeshaped lesion Basal cell carcinoma Actinic keratosis flat scaly rash, precurser to SCC Addison Disease Cortisol is low, hyperkalemia, low sodium, cravings thirsty primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones. Symptoms generally come on slowly and may include abdominal pain, weakness, and weight loss. Causes‎: ‎Problems with the adrenal gland Treatment‎: ‎Corticosteroid such as hydrocortiso... Symptoms‎: ‎Abdominal pain, weakness, weight CD4 counts <200 HIV bad CD4 counts 350 HIV meds working CD4 count >400 ideal goal for HIV TB 5mm exposed to TB, HIV TB >10mm exposure health workers immigrants Subungual hematomas are common nail bed injuries caused by blunt or sharp trauma to the fingers or toes. [1] Bleeding from the rich vascular nail bed results in increased pressure under the nail and can cause significant discomfort. [2] Subungual hematoma drainage, also known as nail bed trephination, can be performed to relieve this discomfort. [3] Molluscum is a common viral skin infection that causes small, harmless, raised dome-shaped spots to appear on the skin. It is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus. Once infected, your child can easily spread molluscum to other people, or to different areas on their own body. It is spread by touching the molluscum spots Acanthosis nigricans is usually the result of obesity. This is known as obesity-associated acanthosis nigricans. It occurs because obesity can cause insulin resistance (when the body is unable to properly use the hormone insulin), which may lead to high levels of insulin in the blood, affecting the skin cells. fibromyalgia 18 points (9 pairs) tend to be painful when pressed, and may spread pain to other body parts. American College of Rheumatology guidelines suggest that people with fibromyalgia have pain in at least 11 of these tender points when a doctor applies a certain amount of pressure fibromyalgia definition Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes pain in the muscles and bones. Other common symptoms are feeling tired and sleeping poorly. Some people also feel vague and even confused at times. Fibromyalgia is common and affects around 2-5% of the population, mainly young to middle-aged women. The most common symptoms of fibromyalgia are: pain in many different muscles and bones tenderness or stiffness in the muscles or bones, lasting for at least 3 months tiredness difficulties in sleeping. Orthopnea often a symptom of left ventricular heart failure and/or pulmonary edema. It can also occur in those with asthma and chronic bronchitis, as well as those with sleep apnea or panic disorder Pulmonic area heart sound split S2 Carotid Stenosis CVA, Stroke Arterial insufficiency, Peripheral vascular disease lack pedal pulses, pain in calf, red feet, common in elderly, blood cant go down. DX w/ brachial index test, encourage exercise Venous insufficiency Edema, no feeling, blood cant go up S4 indicates Left ventricular hypertrophy Pulsus Paradoxus BP decreases with inspiration Prolonged PR interval 1st degree heart block Absent P wave AFIB STEMI ST elevated MI AAA diagnosed with US Apical Murmurs systolic at base, Mitral Regurgitation Aortic Murmurs to neck, aortic stenosis Acute OM 1st line tx Penicillin- Amoxicillin- if allergic PCN reaction go to Macrolide. ("Mycin") If nausea etc change to different Macrolide ie. Azith, Errith, Clarithomycin Acute External Ottitis chief pathogen Pseudo monas Augina tx w/ 1st Cipro, 2nd cephlosporin Swimmers Ear Gm-ve, foul smell pseudo auginas Herbal alternatives post menopausal hormonal replacement Isoflavins= soybeans, blackbeans, black cohash