PHLT 304 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS GRADED A+

Environmental Health: - Answer addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviors. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behavior not related to environment, as well as behavior related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics." Be able to explain the concept of environmental health and the importance of environmental exposures to global health. - Answer 23% of all global deaths are linked to the environment 12.6 mill deats a year Be able to explain the top 10 causes of death from the environment, and their causes. - Answer Stroke Ischaemic Heart Disease Unintentional Injuries Cancer Chronic Respiratory Disease Diarrhoeal Disease Respiratory Infections Neonatal Conditions Malaria Unintentional Injuries Know the risks from air pollution and what pollutants are key contributors to indoor and outdoor air pollution. - Answer • WHO: air pollution is a major risk to health and impacts disease from stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic and acute respiratory diseases including asthma • In 2016, 91% of the global population was living in places that did not meet the WHO air quality guidelines • Indoor smoke is an important health risk: approx. 3 billion people cook and heat the home with coal, kerosene fuels, and coal Know the Clean Air Act, which regulates outdoor air quality. - Answer • The Clean Air Act requires EPA to set standards for six common air pollutants (the "criteria air pollutants") Know details about each of the six "criteria air pollutants". - Answer • Particulate matter • Ground-level ozone • Carbon monoxide • Lead • Sulfur dioxide • Nitrogen dioxide In addition, be able to explain the types of environmental contaminants that are produced in different environments, and how these exposures can be framed in terms of the Epidemiologic Triad. - Answer Who is disproportionately affected by environmental exposures, and why? - Answer What actions can help improve environmental health? - Answer Environmental health and One Health: know why vultures are so beneficial to humans, and what can happen if vulture populations are substantially reduced by environmental factors or contaminants. - Answer • Africa: poisoned carcasses are used to control predator pests (e.g., lions) • Gregarious feeding behavior leads to substantial vulture mortality • Lack of vulturesincreased rotting carcassesincreased population of other scavengers (rats,