transduction, transformation and conjugation.

According to Kaiser(2022) horizontal gene transfer (a.k.a lateral gene transfer) includes the process by which genetic materials are transfer from one organism to another different organism not from its offspring. Bacteria are microscopic single celled organisms that resides in and out or other organisms. They may or may not (provide protection like normal flora) cause harm to their host. In as much as the reside and are dependent on the environment in which the find themselves( can be inside humans, animals of which their rapid growth will disrupt cell tissues, produces toxins that are as well not favorable for cells and tissue leading to cell and tissue deaths) for their survival and are constantly under threat from say for examples in human body the lymphocytes , external forces( drugs etc.) they have developed the ability to respond to changing pressures and can easily adapt to new environments through mutation, modification of gene function within a bacterium, and as a result of horizontal gene transfer.