CLP 2140 Test Bank Chapter 1:Basic Concepts and Methods Multiple Choice Questions

CLP 2140 Test Bank Chapter 1:Basic Concepts and Methods Multiple Choice Questions 1) The field of is the scientific study of age-related changes in behavior, thinking, emotion, and personality. C) human development Answer: C 2) The Christian doctrine of is the basis for the theory that human development occurs as a result of how well or how poorly someone does at overcoming their innately sinful nature. A) original sin Answer: A 3) Which of the following believed that humans are selfish by nature and must seek spiritual rebirth through religious training? B) Augustine Answer: B 4) Who was the philosopher who believed that children are born with a mind which is a blank slate? D) John Locke Answer: D 5) The ideas of the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau would suggest that the basis for human development is B) an individual's response to external, environmental influences. 6) As a developmental psychologist I believe that humans possess no inborn abilities and that a child's parents can mold them into whatever they want them to be. Which of the following would best describe my beliefs? A) Empiricism 7) The idea that the earth contains a wide variety of life forms and that humans have developed as a result of the interaction of heredity and environment was proposed by B) Charles Darwin. Answer: B 8) Which of the following assertions regarding lifespan development can be attributed to both G. Stanley Hall and Charles Darwin? D) Norms should be identified for each developmental stage. Answer: D 9) What is the term that Arnold Gesell used to describe genetically programmed sequential patterns of change such as puberty or menopause? A) Maturation Answer: A 10) What term is used to describe standardized tests that compare an individual child’s score to the average score of others her age? B) Norm-referenced tests 11) Which of the following best describes your text's approach to human development? A) Human development begins at birth and continues throughout the lifespan. Answer: A 12) If you are born in the 21st century, which of the following statements might apply to you? A) You may well live to be 100 years old. 13) Because of our increasing lifespan, theorists have to include many types of information gathering to complete their research. Which of the following is one of the key elements emphasized in the newer approaches to lifespan development? B) Interdisciplinary research Answer: B 14) Which of the following theorists is known for his emphasis on the positive aspects of aging? B) Paul Baltes 15) What term is used to describe changes in size, shape, and characteristics of the body? B) Physical domain 16) What term is used to describe changes in thinking, memory, problem solving, and other intellectual skills? C) Cognitive domain Answer: C 17) What term is used to describe changes in variable that are associated with the relationship of an individual to others? D) Social domain Answer: D 18) Michael, age 16, has recently gained a considerable amount of weight but has not grown any taller. Developmentalists would suggest that there is a problem in which of the following domains of developmental psychology? D) Social Answer: D 20) Stella, age 12, is in the 6th grade but still reads at a 3rd grade level. there is a problem in which domain of development? C) Cognitive Developmentalists would suggest that 21) The three broad categories that are used to classify changes over the lifespan are called A) domains of development. describe which aspect of developmental theories? A) Age-related changes 23) Not all cultures define the boundaries of adolescence in the same way. For example, if you grew up in Great Britain you could do which of the following? C) Join the military at the age of 16. 24) According to your text, when does middle childhood occur? A) Once a child begins walking C) Once a child enters school 25) Which of the following are central to the nature-nurture controversy? D) Biological process and experiential factors 26) Juanita's father died when she was just a baby, but her family insists that she not only looks like him, she acts like him as well. This might indicate that which of the following had a large impact on her development? A) Nature B) Environment C) Nurture D) Innate goodness Answer: A 27) Developmental psychologists have observed that babies seem to be born predisposed to respond to people in certain ways, such as crying or smiling, in order to elicit attention from a caregiver. Psychologists call these inherent tendencies A) cultural biases. B) maturational patterns. C) nature and nurture tensions. D) inborn biases. Answer: D 28) Which of the following is an example from your text of an inborn bias? A) The fact that all male infants show a propensity toward aggression and female infants are more passive. B) The fact that there are more blue-eyed children in the United States than brown-eyed children. C) The fact that, universally, children's speech begins with single words before proceeding onto sentences. D) The fact that, universally, all children learn to crawl before they learn to walk. Answer: C 29) "Mom, he's looking at me! Make him stop!" These remarks imply that the very act of being looked at is offensive to this child. Mom, on the other hand, doesn't see the problem. This typical family dilemma illustrates A) sibling rivalry. B) nature versus nurture. C) an issue of cognitive development. D) internal models of experience. Answer: D 30) Qualitative is to quantitative as A) production is to comprehension. B) specific is to individual. C) continuous is to discontinuous. D) discontinuous is to continuous. Answer: D 31) Which of the following terms best describes a change in amount? A) Qualitative change B) Quantitative change C) Significant change D) Metric change Answer: B 32) Which of the following terms best describes a change in kind or type? A) Qualitative change B) Quantitative change C) Significant change D) Metric change Answer: A 33) If puberty begins for girls with the onset of menstruation, puberty could be considered a matter of A) discontinuity. B) continuity. C) quantitative development. D) ecological development. Answer: A 7 Topic: Continuity versus Discontinuity Skill: Applied 8 Objective: 1.5 34) Which of the following is an example of a normative age-graded change? A) You have blue eyes even though both of your parents have brown eyes. B) You are taller now than when you were two years old. C) You moved to the United States when you were a teen and learned to speak English. D) You learned to walk before you learned to crawl. Answer: B 35) Our sense of "the right time" to go to college, marry, have children, or retire is determined by our A) biological clock. B) intuition. C) social clock. D) cultural and cohort continuity. Answer: C 36) Roberta married for the first time at age 39, and at age 40 she is pregnant for the first time. She is now considering starting college to become a computer systems engineer. When Roberta laughingly tells her friends, "I have never done anything when I was supposed to!” what is she referring to? A) Her social clock B) Her biological clock C) Her psychological clock D) A critical period Answer: A 37) What is the term for a general negative attitude about aging, typified by the belief that older persons are incompetent or unable to complete required job functions? A) The social clock B) Dotage pathway C) Ageism D) Maturity Answer: C 38) What is the term for changes that occur in most members of a cohort as a result of factors at work during a specific, well-defined historical period? A) Nonnormative change B) General normative change C) Normative age-graded change D) Normative history-graded change Answer: D 39) What is the term for changes that result from unique, unshared events? A) Nonnormative change B) General normative change C) Normative age-graded change D) Normative history-graded change Answer: A 40) The basic idea that there may be significant periods in development when an organism is especially sensitive to the presence or absence of some particular kind of experience or influence is referred to as a A) cohort influence. B) critical period. C) collectivist cultural influence. D) timing influence. Answer: B 41) Humans learn languages best in their childhood. In fact, some research indicates that if a child doesn't learn to speak a formal language before the age of 6, they may never learn to speak well at all. This would best illustrate which of the following? A) Critical period B) Normative age graded changes C) Individual differences D) Cultural specificity Answer: A 42) Which of the following best defines sensitive period? A) A time of psychological fragility, usually due to some type of loss such as the death of a spouse, termination of employment, deterioration due to aging, etc. B) The period of time during which developmental norms for physical development are reached or achieved. C) A specific period in development when an organism is particularly responsive to specific forms of experience or particularly influenced by their absence. D) The time when the tension between nature and nurture is resolved in an organism's development. Answer: C 43) Which of the following is the best example of an "off-time" event that could have negative effects upon an individual's development? A) The deaths of elderly parents B) Being divorced at the age of 25 10 C) The death of one's spouse at the age of 30 D) Experiencing a life-threatening illness at the age of 60 Answer: C 44) Adults in London, England, who were teenagers living there during the bombings of World War II all report that their lives were changed by those events. This exemplifies which of the following? A) Normative age-graded changes B) Normative critical periods C) Normative history-graded changes D) Non-normative life events Answer: C 45) Which of the following is a finding of Glen Elder, et al., on individuals who grew up during the Great Depression? A) The cohort born in 1920 suffered more than the cohort born in 1928. B) Teenaged girls were more likely than teenaged boys to be forced into the work place prematurely because of economic hardship. C) Teenagers whose families experienced severe economic difficulty assumed adult responsibility prematurely. D) The adolescents who were forced prematurely into the work force were better adjusted as adults. Answer: C 46) Which of the following developmental outcomes would be illustrative of the concept of vulnerability? A) Very low IQ scores are more common among children who were born with a low birth weight and who are reared in highly stressed, uninvolved families. B) Normal birth weight infants born into upper socioeconomic status families invariably have superior levels of intelligence. C) Children born into caring, facilitative families rarely have sufficient protective factors to overcome or offset all vulnerabilities that might potentially affect their development. D) Positive developmental outcome is possible only for children with few vulnerabilities and many protective factors. Answer: A