Microbiology FINAL EXAM Review Flashcards (100% verified with correct answers)

1. What are microorganisms? correct answers microscopic organisms, or microbes includes bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae and helminths 1. How are the names of microorganisms written? correct answers Capital Genus, lower case species name (binomial system of nomenclature) *italicized if typed or underlined if written 1. In what ways do humans use microorganisms? correct answers *genetic engineering, GMOs, recombinant DNA technology, food industry, products in industrial settings, bioremediation, fuel sources 1. What is bioremediation? correct answers introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants, break down chemicals that would be harmful to other organisms 1. What is the role of microbes in decomposition? correct answers Bacteria and fungi breakdown dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be recycled back into natural cycles of living things. (Main forces that drive the structure and content of the soil, water and atmosphere of earth.) 1. What is a pathogen? correct answers any agent (usually a virus, bacteria, fungus, protozoan or helminth) that causes disease 1. Compare and contrast prokaryotes with eukaryotes. correct answers Prokaryotes- no nucleus, bacteria, simple, ancient Eukaryotes- have a nucleus, fungi, protozoan, algae, plant, complex 1. What was the contribution of Lister? correct answers British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery, promoted the idea of sterile portable ports while working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilize surgical instruments and to clean wounds, which led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients, distinguishing himself as the "father of modern surgery" 1. What was the contribution of Semmelweis? correct answers Ignaz Semmelweis was a Hungarian physician whose work demonstrated that hand-washing could drastically reduce the number of women dying after childbirth 1. What was the contribution of Pasteur? correct answers *Pasteur was responsible for disproving the doctrine of spontaneous generation. *created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax.