NURS 6635 wk 1 discussions

NURS 6635 wk 1 discussions Main Discussion Explain the biological (genetic and neuroscientific); psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental); and social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that influence the development of psychopathology. The development psychopathology (DP) is defined as an interdisciplinary science or integrative framework that helps one to understand psychopathology in terms of growth over an individual’s lifespan (Cicchetti, 1984, 2006; Cummings & Valentino, 2015; Masten, 2006). On this note, understanding the psychopathology in one’s developmental stages of life from birth to death which influences mental health, treatment, diagnostics, and outcome. According to Masten and Kalstabakken (2018), The DP integrative approach impacts the theory, diagnosis, assessment, research, and practice which permeates multiple disciplines that concern the mental health and well-being of children, young people, and, adults of all ages across their developmental lifespan. Biological (genetic and neuroscientific) - During the course of human development, it is important to note that gene, environment, and exposure could influence and change the mental health of an individual (Masten & Kalstabakken, 2018). For instance, in a developing fetus, all the external influences such as diet, trauma, or illness experienced by a pregnant mother can alter the biology of the developing child before birth (Boyce & Kobor, 2015; Monk et al., 2016). Likewise, the early childhood, experiences are mostly regulated or mediated by the nurse or caregiving adults. Subsequently, as children grow up, they interact with more direct systems through peer play, school, work, and social relationships, siblings, which also influences their mental life and affect their interactions with specific individuals or systems (Masten & Kalstabakken, 2018). Ongoing research on epigenetic processes uses technological advances to assess further the effects of human genome and genetic expression in mental health (Addington & Rapoport, 2012; Boyce & Kobor, 2015; Meaney, 2010). Psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental) – Apart from genetic and developmental influences on pathopsychology, interpersonal relationships plays an important role in the developmental psychopathology of an individual (Masten, 2006). Transactional models evaluates the reciprocal influences of individuals and their contextual relationships on each other (Sameroff, 2009). The idea that children influence the interactions that subsequently shape their own development involves the role of human action in development (Bandura, 1997). As children grow older, they increase their active role in their development and exert more choice about their interactions with other people and the environment (Masten & Kalstabakken, 2018). At the same time, however, transactional models recognize the profound influences of external sociocultural conditions in constraining or altering development (Sameroff, 2009). These influences include poverty, discrimination, war, education, and positive opportunities in many forms (Masten & Kalstabakken, 2018). Social, cultural, and interpersonal factors influencing the development of psychopathology. Sometimes the variability in the development of infants and children may be categorized as “at risk” because of their family background, biological exposure, war, adversity, or other early behavioral problems (Masten & Kalstabakken, 2018). These risk factors point to the complexity of developmental processes in growing children. Although some children that are designated to be at risk may grow up to be healthy and normal individuals (Masten & Kalstabakken, 2018). Interactions of individuals with families, schools, and cultural organizations may shape their development and prevent or foster competence, resilience, and psychopathology in future life (Chen & Liu, 2016; Kerig, 2016; Masten, 2014c). . References Addington, A. M., & Rapoport, J. L. (2012). Annual research review: Impact of advances in genetics in understanding developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 53, 510–518. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Holt. Boyce, W. T., & Kobor, M. S. (2015). Development and the epigenome: The “synapse” of gene– environment interplay. Developmental Science, 18, 1–23. Chen, X., & Liu, C. H. (2016). Culture, peer relationships, and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 4. Risk, resilience, and intervention (3rd ed., pp. 723–769). New York, NY: Wiley. Cicchetti, D. (1984). The emergence of developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 1–7. Cicchetti, D. (2006). Development and psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 1. Theory and method (2nd ed., pp. 1–23). New York, NY: Wiley Cummings, E. M., & Valentino, K. (2015). Developmental psychopathology. In W. F. Overton, P. M. Molenaar, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Vol. 1. Theory and method (7th ed. pp. 566–606). Kerig, P. K. (2016). Family systems from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 1(13), 1–51. Masten, A. S. (2006). Developmental psychopathology: Pathways to the future. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30, 47–54. Masten, A. S., & Kalstabakken, A. W. (2018). Developmental perspectives on psychopathology in children and adolescents. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathology, Vol. 2. (pp. 15–36). American Psychological Association. Masten, A. S. (2014c). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Meaney, M. J. (2010). Epigenetics and the biological definition of gene x environment interactions. Child Development, 81, 41–79. Monk, C., Feng, T., Lee, S., Krupska, I., Champagne, F. A., & Tycko, B. (2016). Distress during pregnancy: Epigenetic regulation of placenta glucocorticoidrelated genes and fetal neurobehavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 705–713. Sameroff, A. (Ed.). (2009). The transactional model of development: How children and contexts shape each other. Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses By Day 6 of Week 1 Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days by explaining the implications of why, as an advanced practice nurse, it is important to adopt a multidimensional, integrative model of psychopathology. Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. • Chapter 1, Neural Sciences • Chapter 2, Contributions of the Psychosocial Sciences • Chapter 3, Contributions of the Sociocultural Sciences • Chapter 4, Theories of Personality and Psychopathology • Chapter 31.17c, Child Psychiatry: Other Conditions: Identity Problem Butcher, J. N., & Kendall, P. C. (2018). Introduction to childhood and adolescent psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathology., Vol. 2. (pp. 3–14). American Psychological Association. https://doi- Cheung, F. M., & Mak, W. W. S. (2018). Sociocultural factors in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders., Vol. 1. (pp. 127–147). American Psychological Association. Jackson, C. E., & Milberg, W. P. (2018). Examination of neurological and neuropsychological features in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.), APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders., Vol. 1. (pp. 65–90). American Psychological Association. https://doi-