OCN Practice Questions & Answers Solved 100%

endometrial cancer - Answer A nulliparous 60-year-old obese female with diabetes is experiencing postmenopausal bleeding. The patient is at greatest risk for developing which type of cancer? The nurse may choose to use the PLISSIT (permission, limited information, specific suggestion, and intensive therapy) model when speaking to a patient who expresses concerns about sexuality and intimacy. - Answer Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention when discussing concerns about intimacy with a patient who is receiving treatment? Mindfulness-based stress reduction has been studied in patients with cancer for its positive effect on anxiety symptoms. - Answer Which of the following interventions is recommended for reducing anxiety? Older patients who have received an allogeneic transplant from a matched unrelated donor are at risk for development of graft-versus-host disease. - Answer Which of the following patients has an increased risk for the development of graft-versus-host disease? Repeated thoracenteses may result in the development of an unexpanded, or trapped, lung. - Answer A patient with pulmonary metastasis has received repeated thoracenteses. The nurse is most concerned for the development of which of the following? Reiki would be an appropriate therapy for patients with low platelet counts because it does not involve pressure, massage or manipulation. - Answer Which of the following integrative modalities is appropriate for a patient who is experiencing pain with a platelet count of 12,000/mm3? Human leukocyte antigen-matched platelet products may be considered to manage patients who have developed refractory responses to standard platelet transfusions. - Answer A patient with acute myeloid leukemia is refractory to random-donor platelets and reports bleeding gums. The nurse anticipates an order to: A non-stimulant laxative, glycerin suppository, or oil retention enema can be helpful in relieving obstipation. - Answer A patient with advanced lung cancer reports small amounts of liquid stool, tenesmus, and lower abdominal pain. The nurse should expect to do which of the following? Effects of oxaliplatin consist of parasthesias and dysesthesias of the hands, feet, and perioral region. - Answer Which of the following medications is most likely to cause parasthesia and dysesthesia to the hands, feet, and mouth? Extrapyramidal side effects include difficulty speaking or swallowing, loss of balance, shuffling gait or rigidity, twitching, or weakness of the arms and legs. - Answer A patient who is receiving prochlorperazine(compazine) reports to the emergency department with slurred speech, a shuffling gait, and tremors. What is the patient experiencing? This patient has a low absolute neutrophil count, and is showing signs of a central line-associated bloodstream infection. Blood cultures should be obtained before the administration of antibiotics. - Answer A patient has a temperature of 102°F (38.8°C) with a cough, an absolute neutrophil count of 200/mm3, and tenderness around the central venous catheter. What should the nurse expect to do first? A flare reaction may cause itching, blotchiness or streaking along or next to the vein receiving the infusion, without the presence of swelling or pain. - Answer A patient reports pruritus above the peripheral IV site while receiving an infusion of doxorubicin. The nurse observes redness along the vein, with a brisk, sustained blood return. This most likely indicates: Confusion - Answer Which of the following most likely indicates an early symptom of increased intracranial pressure? Patients demonstrating significant tissue damage following an extravasation should receive specialized care and consultation with plastic surgery. - Answer Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a patient with noticeable skin sloughing and tissue breakdown following an extravasation? Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is characterized by the increased reabsorption of water by the renal tubules, causing increased urine osmolality. - Answer Which of the following is a pathologic process of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone? Pain and swelling at the IV site are indicative of an extravasation. The recommended treatment for a doxorubicin extravasation is dexrazoxane. - Answer Which of the following interventions is recommended for a patient who has developed a wheal and pain at the peripheral IV site during an infusion of doxorubicin? Risk factors for endometrial cancer include obesity, nulliparity, hypertension, diabetes, and development of menopause after the age of 52. - Answer A nulliparous 60-year-old obese female with diabetes is experiencing postmenopausal bleeding. The patient is at greatest risk for developing which type of cancer? A NIOSH-approved respirator must be worn when administering an aerosolized hazardous drug or cleaning a hazardous drug spill. - Answer With which activities should a NIOSH-approved respirator be worn? Most tumor markers are not sensitive or specific enough to diagnose a cancer or to use in routine screening except for prostate-specific antigen levels. - Answer Which tumor marker is used to screen for a malignancy? 50. As per the American Cancer Society guidelines, both the prostate-specific antigen blood test and digital rectal examination should be offered annually beginning at age 50. - Answer The American Cancer Society guidelines recommend that prostate-specific antigen blood testing be offered beginning at what age for a man at average risk? Acetylsalicylic acid use has consistently displayed effectiveness in reducing mortality rates for patients with gastrointestinal cancers. - Answer Acetylsalicylic acid has been shown to reduce the mortality rate for which type of cancer? Presentation of acute myeloid leukemia includes pancytopenia evidenced by the development of petechiae. - Answer Which symptom would a patient newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia most likely exhibit? Lymphedema rates are 0% to 5% for women after a sentinel lymph node procedure and 10%-30% after axillary lymph node dissection. - Answer What is the nurse's best response to a patient who asks about the risk of lymphedema following breast-conservation surgery with a sentinel node biopsy and radiation? Cisplatin - Answer can cause neurotoxicity, particularly at cumulative doses of more than 300-500mg/m2. Numbness and pain will generally begin in the fingers and toes and continue proximally. Tamoxifen - Answer Initiation of what drug can result in a tumor flare. This pain is transient and usually resolves even with continued therapy. It is recommended that the patient avoid inserting anything into the vagina for four weeks following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure - Answer What information should the nurse provide to a patient following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure? Docetaxel is associated with fluid retention and associated alveolar permeability and pulmonary infiltrates that may be prevented with corticosteroids premedication. - Answer A patient receiving docetaxel asks why dexamethasone is prescribed. The nurse's best response is that it prevents: Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia changes to skin can be related to capillary rupture occurring while walking or during other weight-bearing activities - Answer What is the most likely cause of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia? DMSO, the preservative used to store collected stem cells, causes a strong garlic-like taste that the patient may find unpleasant during infusion. - Answer A patient is receiving an infusion of cryopreserved stem cells. The nurse explains which of the following? Cytarabine (ara-C) - Answer is used to treat lymphomatous meningitis when it is administered intrathecally. Constipation and headache - Answer common side effects of palonosetron Myelosuppression is often increased in patients who are receiving concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy. - Answer Which patient is at greatest risk for bone marrow depression secondary to radiation treatment? A patient with advanced breast cancer is being treated with darbepoetin alfa. The patient understands the risks associated with the treatment by stating which of the following? - Answer The use of darbepoetin alfa has led to some disease progression and decreased survival rates Interleukin-2 is indicated in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. - Answer Which disease is most likely to respond to treatment with interleukin-2? Screening for colorectal Cancer - Answer 40 years of age, or 10 years before the youngest case in the immediate family Primary Prevention - Answer HPV vaccine is a method of Annual Mammogram - Answer Women 45 years old with an average risk of breast cancer it is recommended to get screened how often Positive predicitive value - Answer A person who screen positive and actually have the disease is referred to as repeat testing at 1-2 year intervals - Answer the NCCN recommends to repeat testing how often for men age 45-75 for a PSA between 1-3 ng/mL Gail Model - Answer What model is used to estimate a women's personal breast cancer risk Annual mammogram, breast MRI or both are recommended - Answer For a female patient who underwent mantle field radiation (Neck to chest) what screening is recommended? Anxiety and depression may be indicative of post-treatment issues such as pain, fatigue, and insomnia - Answer Psychosocial considerations for cancer survivors 5 million - Answer Cancer survivors are expected to increase by more than how much by the year 2026 Anthracyclines - Answer Treatment with what group of medication can cause late cardiac effects months to years after treatment SWAT (Social Work Assessment Tool) - Answer The name of the tool used to assess the sociocultural needs of the hospice patient is called clonal evolution - Answer over time, tumor cells acquire more mutations that allow them to be progressively more aggressive in proliferation non-small cell lung cancer - Answer The primary tumor that most frequently metastasizws to the brain is which one of the following? innate immunity - Answer Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens. adaptive immunity - Answer the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them. creates memory cells for a longer lived immune response Cytokines - Answer Assist with cell signaling during immune responses humoral immunity - Answer specific immunity produced by B cells that produce antibodies that circulate in body fluids. The production of plasma cells. Bone Marrow - Answer An example of both primary and secondary lymphoid tissue neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils - Answer Most abundant granulocyte compassion fatigue - Answer a state of exhaustion experienced by medical and psychological professionals, as well as caregivers, which leaves the individual feeling stressed, numb, or indifferent PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act); quality improvement - Answer Strategies to stop colon cancer in priority populations is an example of _________; a model for ________________ Breach of Duty - Answer failure to meet the standard of care motivational learning - Answer learning that is activated through internal and external cues is based on which one of the following learning therories? PICOT - Answer Patient population of interest Intervention of interest Comparison of interest Outcome Time Highest level of evidence in a quantitative study - Answer Systemic review of RCTs Standards of Oncology Practice - Answer Assessment, diagnosis, coordination of care, health teaching, and health promotion cytosine arabinoside - Answer A factor that may put the patient at risk for increased intracranial pressure is which one of the following? Superior Vena Cava Syndrome - Answer The presence of non-small lung cancer, especially in the right lung, accounts for the most cases of SVCS. When obstruction of the SVC occurs, venous blood return to the heart from the head, neck, thorax, and upper extremities is compromised and characteristic symptoms of SVCS develop. Symptoms include dyspnea, sensation of head fullness, headache, blurred vision, nasal stuffiness, hoarseness, dysphagia, nonproductive cough, chest pain and orthopnea (the need to sleep in a upright position). Symptoms are more pronounced in the morning and improve after being in an upright position after a few hours. Distal small intestine obstruction - Answer Signs of orange-brown malodorous feculent emesis are signs of a Proximal small intestine obstruction - Answer Rapid-onset, bitter, bile-stained emesis that may nbne projectile would be a sign of gastric outlet obstruction - Answer Non-bile colored, sour emesis with undigested food would be a sign of Spinal cord compression - Answer Having a history of vertebral compression fratures puts a patient at risk for mesothelioma - Answer Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure. Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy - Answer The nurse should recognize that the pneumonitis has most likely been caused by which of the foolowing types of therapy Pneumonitis - Answer inflammation of the lung. after therapy for lymphoma. Pt. reports chest pain, and a low grade fever, and can't take a full breath lymphoma - Answer malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue msothelioma - Answer The most common cause of cardiac tamponade is malignant disease that causes a pericardial effusion NonHodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) - Answer Which condition is most commonly associated with development of superior vena cava syndrome leptomeningeal - Answer The two thinner membranes—the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane—surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Assess for bradycardia, respiratory distress, and hypertension neck and back pain - Answer The most common presenting symptom of SCC in patients with cancer is which one of the following?