Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

CAP is the ___________ infectious ds in the US and the ______________ leading cause of death. Correct Answer - Most deadly - 8th What normally prevents the development of lower respiratory tract infections following aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing bacteria or inhalation of infected aerosols? Correct Answer Pulmonary defense mechanisms (cough reflex, mucociliary clearance system, immune responses) CAP occurs when _________________ . Correct Answer There is a defect in 1 or more of the normal defense mechanisms (cough reflex, mucociliary clearance system, immune responses) or when a large infectious inoculum or a virulent pathogen overwhelms the immune response. What bacterial pathogens cause CAP? Correct Answer - Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common) - Haemophilus influenzae - Moraxella catarrhalis What pathogen most commonly causes CAP in pts who are *immunocompetent*? Correct Answer Streptococcus pneumoniae What pathogen(s) most commonly causes CAP in pts who have *influenza*? Correct Answer Staph. aureus or Strept. pneumoniae What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts w/chronic alcoholism? Correct Answer Klebsiella pneumoniae What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts who have *bronchiectasis* or *cystic fibrosis*, or who have *prolonged hospitalizations*? Correct Answer Pseudomonas aeruginosa What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts who have *exacerbation of chronic bronchitis*? Correct Answer Moraxella catarrhalis What pathogen(s) most commonly cause CAP in pts who are *elderly*, have *chronic lung ds, Sickle Cell ds, immunocompromised disorders*, or who are *alcoholics* or *diabetic*? Correct Answer Haemophilus influenzae What are some common *viral* causes of CAP? Correct Answer - Influenza virus - RSV