9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
The Perfect Answer
Revision Guide To…
Biology
CIE IGCSE
9-1 / A*-U
1st Edition
Hazel Lindsey, Dr. Caroline Gillespie
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 1/54
, 9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms#................................................3!
2. Organisation of the organism#.....................................................................................7!
3. Movement in and out of cells#...................................................................................10!
4. Biological molecules#.................................................................................................12!
5. Enzymes#...................................................................................................................14!
6. Plant nutrition#...........................................................................................................15!
7. Human nutrition#........................................................................................................16!
8. Transport in plants#....................................................................................................20!
9. Transport in animals#.................................................................................................22!
10. Diseases and immunity#............................................................................................25!
11. Gas exchange in humans#.........................................................................................26!
12. Respiration#...............................................................................................................28!
13. Excretion in humans#.................................................................................................29!
14. Coordination and response#......................................................................................30!
15. Drugs#........................................................................................................................34!
16. Reproduction#............................................................................................................35!
17. Inheritance#................................................................................................................40!
18. Variation and selection#.............................................................................................43!
19. Organisms and their environment#............................................................................45!
20. Biotechnology and genetic engineering#...................................................................48!
21. Human influences on ecosystems#............................................................................50
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018. All rights reserved. !
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from Science with Hazel Ltd"
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018 2
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 2/54
, 9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
NOTE: Core content is given in this format (Grades 1-5). Supplementary content is given in italics
(grades 5-9)
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms
Characteristics all living organisms show: !
• Movement!
• Respiration!
• Sensitivity!
• Nutrition!
• Excretion !
• Reproduction!
• Growth!
Define movement
• Action by all or part of an organism !
• Causes change in position or place!
Define respiration
• Chemical reactions in cells!
• Nutrient molecules broken down!
• Energy released for metabolism!
Define sensitivity!
• Detecting and responding to changes in the environment!
• Sensing stimuli in the internal or external environment
• Making appropriate responses
Define growth!
• Permanent increase in size!
• Increase in dry mass !
• Cell numbers and/or cell size increase
Define reproduction!
• Processes that make more of the same kind of organism!
Define excretion!
• Removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements!
• Removal of waste products of metabolism
Define Metabolism
• Chemical reactions in cells including respiration
Define nutrition!
• Taking in materials for energy, growth and development!
Plants require:
• Light
• Carbon dioxide
• Water
• Ions
Animals require:
• Organic compounds
• Ions
• Usually need water
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018 3
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 3/54
, 9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
What is a classification system?!
• System to classify organisms in to groups by the features they share!
What is a species?
• Group of organisms that can reproduce to make fertile offspring!
The binomial system!
• Internationally agreed system to classify organisms!
• Two-part scientific names showing genus and species (e.g. Canis lupus)!
Traditional classification systems
• Reflect evolutionary relationships
• Based on morphology and anatomy
What is a more accurate way to classify organisms?
• Sequence of bases in their DNA
• Sequences of amino acids in their proteins
Explain how DNA sequence and ancestry are related
• More recent ancestors share more similar base sequences in DNA
Cells of all living organisms:!
• Cytoplasm!
• Cell membrane!
• DNA (as genetic material)!
• Ribosomes for protein synthesis!
• Enzymes involved in respiration!
List the 5 Kingdoms:!
• Animals!
• Plants!
• Fungi!
• Prokaryotes!
• Protoctists!
What feature makes a prokaryote?
• No definite nucleus
What feature makes a protoctist?
• All the cells are the same
Plants:!
• Have different types of cells!
• Have cell walls
Fungi:!
• Have cell walls!
• Feed by external digestion!
Animals:!
• No cell wall!
• Different types of cells!
• Internal digestion
What is a vertebrate?!
• An animal with a backbone!
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018 4
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 4/54
john
The Perfect Answer
Revision Guide To…
Biology
CIE IGCSE
9-1 / A*-U
1st Edition
Hazel Lindsey, Dr. Caroline Gillespie
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 1/54
, 9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms#................................................3!
2. Organisation of the organism#.....................................................................................7!
3. Movement in and out of cells#...................................................................................10!
4. Biological molecules#.................................................................................................12!
5. Enzymes#...................................................................................................................14!
6. Plant nutrition#...........................................................................................................15!
7. Human nutrition#........................................................................................................16!
8. Transport in plants#....................................................................................................20!
9. Transport in animals#.................................................................................................22!
10. Diseases and immunity#............................................................................................25!
11. Gas exchange in humans#.........................................................................................26!
12. Respiration#...............................................................................................................28!
13. Excretion in humans#.................................................................................................29!
14. Coordination and response#......................................................................................30!
15. Drugs#........................................................................................................................34!
16. Reproduction#............................................................................................................35!
17. Inheritance#................................................................................................................40!
18. Variation and selection#.............................................................................................43!
19. Organisms and their environment#............................................................................45!
20. Biotechnology and genetic engineering#...................................................................48!
21. Human influences on ecosystems#............................................................................50
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018. All rights reserved. !
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from Science with Hazel Ltd"
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018 2
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 2/54
, 9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
NOTE: Core content is given in this format (Grades 1-5). Supplementary content is given in italics
(grades 5-9)
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms
Characteristics all living organisms show: !
• Movement!
• Respiration!
• Sensitivity!
• Nutrition!
• Excretion !
• Reproduction!
• Growth!
Define movement
• Action by all or part of an organism !
• Causes change in position or place!
Define respiration
• Chemical reactions in cells!
• Nutrient molecules broken down!
• Energy released for metabolism!
Define sensitivity!
• Detecting and responding to changes in the environment!
• Sensing stimuli in the internal or external environment
• Making appropriate responses
Define growth!
• Permanent increase in size!
• Increase in dry mass !
• Cell numbers and/or cell size increase
Define reproduction!
• Processes that make more of the same kind of organism!
Define excretion!
• Removal from organisms of toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements!
• Removal of waste products of metabolism
Define Metabolism
• Chemical reactions in cells including respiration
Define nutrition!
• Taking in materials for energy, growth and development!
Plants require:
• Light
• Carbon dioxide
• Water
• Ions
Animals require:
• Organic compounds
• Ions
• Usually need water
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018 3
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 3/54
, 9/12/23, 7:23 PM The Perfect Answer Revision Guide CIE Igcse Biology 2
john
What is a classification system?!
• System to classify organisms in to groups by the features they share!
What is a species?
• Group of organisms that can reproduce to make fertile offspring!
The binomial system!
• Internationally agreed system to classify organisms!
• Two-part scientific names showing genus and species (e.g. Canis lupus)!
Traditional classification systems
• Reflect evolutionary relationships
• Based on morphology and anatomy
What is a more accurate way to classify organisms?
• Sequence of bases in their DNA
• Sequences of amino acids in their proteins
Explain how DNA sequence and ancestry are related
• More recent ancestors share more similar base sequences in DNA
Cells of all living organisms:!
• Cytoplasm!
• Cell membrane!
• DNA (as genetic material)!
• Ribosomes for protein synthesis!
• Enzymes involved in respiration!
List the 5 Kingdoms:!
• Animals!
• Plants!
• Fungi!
• Prokaryotes!
• Protoctists!
What feature makes a prokaryote?
• No definite nucleus
What feature makes a protoctist?
• All the cells are the same
Plants:!
• Have different types of cells!
• Have cell walls
Fungi:!
• Have cell walls!
• Feed by external digestion!
Animals:!
• No cell wall!
• Different types of cells!
• Internal digestion
What is a vertebrate?!
• An animal with a backbone!
Copyright © Hazel Lindsey, Caroline Gillespie 2018 4
For use by WAQAR AHMED ONLY. Not for redistribution.
about:blank 4/54
