INDEPENDANT AFRICA: TANZANIA
Political policies under Britain:
→1920: native authorities, chiefs had administrative power (taxes / law)
→1945: african representatives in legislative council - had more experience
→1950: native authorities replaced by local administration (educated africans)
→1960: TANU (tanganyikan african national union) won elections with support of large majority
→1961: independence for Tanganyika started with them as a constitutional monarchy with
Britain as the nominal head
Julius Nyere was the 1st prime minister for the independence of Tanganyika
(the leader of TANU)
Tanzania experience:
- United republic of tanzania formed in 1964 following the mixture of the former
independent states (Tanganyika and Zanzibar)
- United republic came about long after a harsh period of colonisation
- Tanganyika first colonised by Germans and then handed to British, later gained
independence under Julius Nyere
Constitutional monarchy under Britain:
- Late 1960 tanzania was of the world's poorest countries
- Severe foreign debt burden (Britain took resources out but did not put money in),
decrease foreign aid, fall in price of commodities
- Initially Nyere expected aid from Britain but Britain pleaded poverty and withdrew
Independence:
1962:
- Tanganyika declared independence and became a republic with Nyere as president
- He was called Mwalimu (teacher) remembered for his personal integrity
- Believed in Pan-africanism and equity
- Rejected tribalism and opposed neo-colonialism
- Passed the Preventative detention act after army attempted to mutiny - allowed people
to be placed in detention if they threatened the peace or security of state
1963:
- Nyere abolished all other political parties
- TANU became the only legal party - one party state
1964:
- Tanzania and Zanzibar merged to form the United Republic of Tanzania
, 1967:
- Tanzania became one party state, members of party could vote for parliamentary officials
within the party
- There was no official opposition = no fighting
- Effects of a one party state:
- Stability
- No separatist regional movement
- No challenge of leadership
- Elections ensured accountability
- Arusha declaration (success) → stated commitment to african socialism
- Leadership code & Ujaama
- attempted to remain non-aligned politically and avoid economic neo-colonialism
Politics: → Some successes
Arusha Declaration:
- 1967 the TANU leadership met in Northern town of Arusha where the declaration was
created
- Outlined the Tanzanian government’s commitment to a socialist approach
- AIMS:
- Reduce income inequality among all citizens (bridge gap rich & poor)
- Shift development efforts toward rural areas through the collectivisation of agriculture,
villagisation and large-scale nationalism
- Reformed the education system
- Outlined how resources for development can be used
- Declared support for all African countries trying to gain independence
= support for Pan-africanism
- Changes aimed at creating a more self-reliant and self-sustaining society
Leadership code:
- Aimed at preventing party leaders becoming a privileged group that exploited people
through hiring labour and renting property
- Stem growing gap between rich and poor
- Made part of country’s constitution in 1967
- Members of parliament had to agree to comply with leadership code and submit sworn
statement of their finances
- Party leaders and their spouses could not be associated with capitalist practices
- Forbidden to: own any shares in companies, hold dictatorship in privately owned
businesses, rent out houses, receive two or more incomes, hire anyone for the purpose
of business, trade or profession
- Was a success to eliminate corruption
Political policies under Britain:
→1920: native authorities, chiefs had administrative power (taxes / law)
→1945: african representatives in legislative council - had more experience
→1950: native authorities replaced by local administration (educated africans)
→1960: TANU (tanganyikan african national union) won elections with support of large majority
→1961: independence for Tanganyika started with them as a constitutional monarchy with
Britain as the nominal head
Julius Nyere was the 1st prime minister for the independence of Tanganyika
(the leader of TANU)
Tanzania experience:
- United republic of tanzania formed in 1964 following the mixture of the former
independent states (Tanganyika and Zanzibar)
- United republic came about long after a harsh period of colonisation
- Tanganyika first colonised by Germans and then handed to British, later gained
independence under Julius Nyere
Constitutional monarchy under Britain:
- Late 1960 tanzania was of the world's poorest countries
- Severe foreign debt burden (Britain took resources out but did not put money in),
decrease foreign aid, fall in price of commodities
- Initially Nyere expected aid from Britain but Britain pleaded poverty and withdrew
Independence:
1962:
- Tanganyika declared independence and became a republic with Nyere as president
- He was called Mwalimu (teacher) remembered for his personal integrity
- Believed in Pan-africanism and equity
- Rejected tribalism and opposed neo-colonialism
- Passed the Preventative detention act after army attempted to mutiny - allowed people
to be placed in detention if they threatened the peace or security of state
1963:
- Nyere abolished all other political parties
- TANU became the only legal party - one party state
1964:
- Tanzania and Zanzibar merged to form the United Republic of Tanzania
, 1967:
- Tanzania became one party state, members of party could vote for parliamentary officials
within the party
- There was no official opposition = no fighting
- Effects of a one party state:
- Stability
- No separatist regional movement
- No challenge of leadership
- Elections ensured accountability
- Arusha declaration (success) → stated commitment to african socialism
- Leadership code & Ujaama
- attempted to remain non-aligned politically and avoid economic neo-colonialism
Politics: → Some successes
Arusha Declaration:
- 1967 the TANU leadership met in Northern town of Arusha where the declaration was
created
- Outlined the Tanzanian government’s commitment to a socialist approach
- AIMS:
- Reduce income inequality among all citizens (bridge gap rich & poor)
- Shift development efforts toward rural areas through the collectivisation of agriculture,
villagisation and large-scale nationalism
- Reformed the education system
- Outlined how resources for development can be used
- Declared support for all African countries trying to gain independence
= support for Pan-africanism
- Changes aimed at creating a more self-reliant and self-sustaining society
Leadership code:
- Aimed at preventing party leaders becoming a privileged group that exploited people
through hiring labour and renting property
- Stem growing gap between rich and poor
- Made part of country’s constitution in 1967
- Members of parliament had to agree to comply with leadership code and submit sworn
statement of their finances
- Party leaders and their spouses could not be associated with capitalist practices
- Forbidden to: own any shares in companies, hold dictatorship in privately owned
businesses, rent out houses, receive two or more incomes, hire anyone for the purpose
of business, trade or profession
- Was a success to eliminate corruption
