(2022) BLS HeartCode online questions and answers

After positioning yourself directly above the victim's head, what is the correct order of steps for using a bag-mask device? 1. Place the mask on the victim's face, using the bridge of the nose as a guide for the correct position 2. Use the E-C clamp technique to hold the mask in place while you lift the jaw to hold the airway open 3. Squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise How are breaths delivered using a bag-mask device? 1 breath over 1 second, while watching for chest rise Why an AED is needed - Most sudden cardiac arrests are triggered by abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias - Two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia(pVT) and ventricular Fibrillation (VF) where the heart's electrical impulses suddenly become chaotic and ineffective - Blow flow to the brain stops abruptly, and the victim loses consciousness -Death usually follows unless a normal heart rhythm and pulse are restored within minutes Why is an AED needed? To analyze the heart rhythm and provide a shock After an AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next? Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions How to Use an AED Step 1: Power on the AED if needed - Follow the prompts (as a guide to next steps) Step 2: Choose adult pads for victim 8 years of age and older - Attack the adhesive AED pads to the victim's bare chest - Follow the diagrams on the pads Step 3: When AED prompts you, clear the victim during analysis. Be sure no one is touching the victim, not even the rescuer in charge of giving breaths - Some AEDs will tell you to push a button to allow the AED to begin analyzing the heart rhythm; others will do automatically - The AED may take a few seconds to analyze Step 4: If the AED advises a shock: - it will charge and then tell you again to clear the victim - Clear the victim before delivering the shock - Pressure the shock button - The shock will produce a sudden contraction of the victim's muscles - After any shock delivery, immediately resume CPR If no shock is needed: - Immediately resume CPR, starting with compressions Where should the AED pads be placed in the anterolateral placement for adults and children 8 years or older? -Below the right collarbone -Side of left nipple AED pad placement: Adults and children 8 years and older Anterolateral Placement: - place one pad directly bellow the right collarbone - Place the other pad to the side of the left nipple, with the top edge of the pad a few inches below the armpit Anteroposterior placement: - Place one AED pad on the left side of the chest, halfway between the tip of the breastbone and left nipple with upper edge of the pad below the nipple line - Place the other pad on the left side of victim's back, beneath the should blade, next to the spine What is recommended to minimize interruptions in compressions when using an AED? - Continue with a high-quality CPR until an AED prompts to clear - If no shock is advised and after any shock delivery, immediately resume high-quality CPR, starting with chest compressions - When 2 or more rescuers are present, one rescuer should continue chest compressions while the other prepares the AED Scene Safety, Responsive and Assessment The first step in the adult BLS sequence for 1 or 2 or more rescuers is to verify the scene is safe Check for responsiveness and get help. Tap the victim's should and shout, "Are you OK? If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help. If you are alone get the AED/defibrillator; if someone else is available send that person to get it Next, look for no breathing or only gasping and check the pulse simultaneously. Is a pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds? If there is normal breathing and a pulse felt, monitor until emergency responders arrive If there is no normal breathing and pulse is felt, provide rescue breathing, Give 1 breath every 6 seconds, or 10 breaths/min. Check the pulse every 2 minutes and if there is no pulse, start CPR. If possible opioid overdose, administer naloxone if available per protocol If there is no normal breathing or only gasping and a pulse is not felt, start CPR. Perform cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths and use the AED as soon as it is available Once the AED arrives, check the rhythm If the rhythms is shockable, give 1 shock and resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check If rhythm is nonshockable, resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes, until prompted by the AED to allow a rhythm check Continue CPR until ALS provider take over or the victim starts to move Adult BLS algorithms for health care providers Verify Scene Safety Check for Responsiveness - Tap the victim's shoulders and shout, "Are you OK?" - If the victim is not responsive, shout for nearby help. - Activate the emergency response system via mobile device - Get the AED or send someone to do so Look for no breathing or only gasping and check the pulse( simultaneously). Is a pulse definitely felt within 10 seconds? Normal breathing, pulse felt - monitor until emergency responders arrive No normal breathing, pulse felt - 1 breath every 6 seconds, or 10 breaths/min - Check the pulse every 2 min - If no pulse, start CPR - If possible opioids overdose, administer naloxone if available per protocol No normal breathing and only gasping, pulse not felt - Start CPR - Perform cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths - Use AED as soon as it is possible Once the AED arrives, check the Rhythm: Shockable rhythm: - give 1 shock and resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes (until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check) Nonshockable Rhythm - Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes ( until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check) Continue CPR until ALS provider take over or the victims starts to move Pediatric Chain of Survival Early recognition and prevention Activation of Emergency Response High- Quality CPR Advanced resuscitation Post Cardiac Arrest Care Recovery What is the perferred method for pulse in an infant? Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder What are the correct actions to take for scene safety and assessment? Verify scene is safety Check for responsiveness Activate the emergency response system and get an AED Look for no breathing and only gasping and check pulse Begin CPR if no breathing or no gasping and no pulse felt When should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim? During Analysis and before shock delivery Critical Components of Chest compressions: Children Rate: 100 to 120/min Depth: approximately 2 inchest(5 cm) Hand Placement: 2 hands on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum); Could use 1 hand for a very small child Chest Recoil: allow complete recoil, do not lean on the chest Minimizing Interruptions: limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds You and your colleague respond to an adult victim who is unresponsive. After assessing the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, what do you instruct your colleague to do? Activate the emergency response system and get AED What is the target rate for chest compression for children? 100 to 120/min During CPR on child, you should place 1 or 2 hand over the________ of the _________ Lower half; Breastbone Two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia and _________ Ventricular fibrillation During CPR on a child, interruption to chest compression should be limited to no more than ______ seconds 10 Critical Components of Chest Compressions: Infants In infants rescuer should compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minutes, to a depth of approxiatemly 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) For 1 rescuer, 2 finger should be positioned in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line For 2 rescuers, use the 2 thumb, encircling hands technique by positioning the thumbs in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line One rescuer may also use the 2 thumb, encircling hand technique or the hell of 1 hand You should allow complete recoil of the chest after each compression It important to avoid leaning on the chest between compressions Interruption in chest compressions should be limited to less than 10 seconds